Subjects
Maths
Chemistry
Biology
English Language
History
Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
Show all topics
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
Show all topics
Psychology
8 Dec 2025
52
4 pages
mia @miaratcliff
Bandura's famous Bobo doll study completely changed how we understand learning and aggression in children. Rather than just... Show more
Think about how a toddler suddenly starts copying their older sibling's dance moves - that's social learning theory in action. Before Bandura, psychologists thought all learning happened through direct experience using classical conditioning (like Pavlov's dogs) or operant conditioning (rewards and punishments you personally receive).
Bandura flipped this on its head by suggesting we also learn indirectly by watching role models and copying their behaviour. This was revolutionary because it meant children could learn aggressive or peaceful behaviours just by observing others, even without being directly rewarded or punished themselves.
The key question Bandura wanted to answer was whether children would not only copy what they saw, but also transfer these behaviours to completely new situations when the original model wasn't even around.
Quick Tip Remember that social learning theory combines observation AND imitation - it's not enough to just see something, you have to copy it too.
Bandura's experiment was brilliantly designed with 72 children aged 3-5 from Stanford University's nursery. The researchers cleverly controlled for existing aggressiveness levels by ensuring each group had equally aggressive children to start with.
The experiment had three phases that built up the tension perfectly. In Phase 1 (modelling), children watched either an aggressive adult attack a Bobo doll with punches and shouts of "Pow!", a non-aggressive adult, or no model at all. Phase 2 (aggression arousal) was genius - kids were allowed to play with amazing toys, then suddenly told they couldn't, creating frustration.
Finally, Phase 3 (delayed imitation) was the real test. Children were taken to a new room with toys including a Bobo doll, observed through a one-way mirror. This setup tested whether they'd copy the aggressive behaviour in a completely different setting without the original model present.
Key Point The three-phase design was crucial - it showed that children didn't just mindlessly copy behaviour immediately, but actually learned and applied it later in new situations.
The results were absolutely striking and changed psychology forever. Children who watched the aggressive model didn't just copy the exact behaviours - they unleashed a whole range of aggressive acts on the Bobo doll, showing they'd genuinely learned to be more aggressive overall.
Gender differences emerged clearly boys copied more physical aggression than girls, though both genders matched verbal aggression equally. There was also a fascinating same-sex effect - children were more likely to imitate models of their own gender, especially boys copying male models.
Perhaps most importantly, 70% of children in the non-aggressive and control groups showed zero aggressive behaviour, proving that aggression isn't just natural childhood behaviour - it's learned. The study demonstrated that observational learning allows children to acquire entirely new behaviour patterns and apply them creatively in different situations.
Remember This wasn't just about copying - children showed they could generalise aggressive behaviour patterns to new contexts, which has huge implications for understanding media influence.
This study's controlled laboratory design allowed researchers to prove that watching aggressive models directly causes imitative behaviour - something you can't establish with simple observations. However, the artificial setting and the fact children knew they were being studied might have created demand characteristics.
The sample limitations are significant all participants were middle-class American children, potentially limiting how we can apply these findings to other cultures or social classes. Children from less violent societies might respond differently, and the middle-class background means these kids might have been less exposed to everyday aggression.
The practical applications have been enormous. This research directly influenced the introduction of the 9PM watershed on British television, protecting children from unsuitable content. Child psychologists now understand how witnessing domestic violence can lead children to imitate aggressive behaviour patterns.
Real-World Connection Next time you see age ratings on films or games, remember they exist partly because of Bandura's findings about how easily children absorb and copy behaviours they observe.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
3
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Quotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
mia
@miaratcliff
Bandura's famous Bobo doll study completely changed how we understand learning and aggression in children. Rather than just learning through direct rewards and punishments, this groundbreaking research showed that kids can pick up new behaviours simply by watching others -... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Think about how a toddler suddenly starts copying their older sibling's dance moves - that's social learning theory in action. Before Bandura, psychologists thought all learning happened through direct experience using classical conditioning (like Pavlov's dogs) or operant conditioning (rewards and punishments you personally receive).
Bandura flipped this on its head by suggesting we also learn indirectly by watching role models and copying their behaviour. This was revolutionary because it meant children could learn aggressive or peaceful behaviours just by observing others, even without being directly rewarded or punished themselves.
The key question Bandura wanted to answer was whether children would not only copy what they saw, but also transfer these behaviours to completely new situations when the original model wasn't even around.
Quick Tip: Remember that social learning theory combines observation AND imitation - it's not enough to just see something, you have to copy it too.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Bandura's experiment was brilliantly designed with 72 children aged 3-5 from Stanford University's nursery. The researchers cleverly controlled for existing aggressiveness levels by ensuring each group had equally aggressive children to start with.
The experiment had three phases that built up the tension perfectly. In Phase 1 (modelling), children watched either an aggressive adult attack a Bobo doll with punches and shouts of "Pow!", a non-aggressive adult, or no model at all. Phase 2 (aggression arousal) was genius - kids were allowed to play with amazing toys, then suddenly told they couldn't, creating frustration.
Finally, Phase 3 (delayed imitation) was the real test. Children were taken to a new room with toys including a Bobo doll, observed through a one-way mirror. This setup tested whether they'd copy the aggressive behaviour in a completely different setting without the original model present.
Key Point: The three-phase design was crucial - it showed that children didn't just mindlessly copy behaviour immediately, but actually learned and applied it later in new situations.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The results were absolutely striking and changed psychology forever. Children who watched the aggressive model didn't just copy the exact behaviours - they unleashed a whole range of aggressive acts on the Bobo doll, showing they'd genuinely learned to be more aggressive overall.
Gender differences emerged clearly: boys copied more physical aggression than girls, though both genders matched verbal aggression equally. There was also a fascinating same-sex effect - children were more likely to imitate models of their own gender, especially boys copying male models.
Perhaps most importantly, 70% of children in the non-aggressive and control groups showed zero aggressive behaviour, proving that aggression isn't just natural childhood behaviour - it's learned. The study demonstrated that observational learning allows children to acquire entirely new behaviour patterns and apply them creatively in different situations.
Remember: This wasn't just about copying - children showed they could generalise aggressive behaviour patterns to new contexts, which has huge implications for understanding media influence.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This study's controlled laboratory design allowed researchers to prove that watching aggressive models directly causes imitative behaviour - something you can't establish with simple observations. However, the artificial setting and the fact children knew they were being studied might have created demand characteristics.
The sample limitations are significant: all participants were middle-class American children, potentially limiting how we can apply these findings to other cultures or social classes. Children from less violent societies might respond differently, and the middle-class background means these kids might have been less exposed to everyday aggression.
The practical applications have been enormous. This research directly influenced the introduction of the 9PM watershed on British television, protecting children from unsuitable content. Child psychologists now understand how witnessing domestic violence can lead children to imitate aggressive behaviour patterns.
Real-World Connection: Next time you see age ratings on films or games, remember they exist partly because of Bandura's findings about how easily children absorb and copy behaviours they observe.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
3
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Quotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology