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108
2
Amy Lewis
11/04/2023
Psychology
Attachment mindmap
2,191
•
11 Apr 2023
•
Amy Lewis
@amylewis
Caregiver-Infant Interactions and Attachment Theory: A Comprehensive Overview
This document... Show more
This page explores various theories and research studies related to attachment, providing a comprehensive overview of the field's development and key findings.
The discussion begins with Lorenz's study on imprinting in geese, which demonstrated that baby geese would imprint on the first moving object they saw after hatching. This study introduced the concept of a critical period for attachment formation.
Example: In Lorenz's study, geese born in an incubator imprinted on Lorenz himself, illustrating how early experiences can shape attachment behaviors.
The learning theory explanation of attachment is then presented, suggesting that infants learn to attach to their caregivers through classical and operant conditioning, associating them with the provision of food and comfort. However, this theory is critiqued for oversimplifying the attachment process.
Bowlby's monotropic theory is introduced as a pivotal concept in attachment research. This theory proposes that humans are biologically predisposed to form attachments, with infants possessing innate behaviors (social releasers) that reinforce attachment bonds.
Definition: Bowlby's monotropic theory posits that infants are biologically programmed to form a single, strong attachment (monotropy) with a primary caregiver, typically the mother.
Key aspects of Bowlby's theory are outlined:
The theory is evaluated, noting support from Brazelton's research and animal studies, but also highlighting contradictory evidence from Schaffer and Emerson regarding multiple attachments.
Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys is then described, which investigated the relative importance of food versus comfort in attachment formation. This groundbreaking study found that comfort was more crucial than food for attachment, challenging previous assumptions.
Highlight: Harlow's research demonstrated that infant monkeys preferred a soft, cloth-covered surrogate mother over a wire mother that provided food, emphasizing the importance of comfort in attachment formation.
The page concludes with a description of Ainsworth's strange situation experiment, a seminal study in attachment research. This controlled observation procedure assessed infants' attachment styles based on their reactions to separation and reunion with their mothers.
Ainsworth identified three main attachment styles:
The study's evaluation notes its good reliability due to multiple observers but raises ethical concerns about causing mild distress in some infants.
Finally, the text touches on cultural variations in attachment patterns, referencing a meta-analysis of 32 studies across 8 countries. This research found that secure attachment was the most common type across all cultures, with some variations in the prevalence of insecure attachment styles.
Vocabulary: Meta-analysis refers to a statistical technique that combines the results of multiple scientific studies to draw broader conclusions about a particular research question.
This page delves into the fundamental concepts of caregiver-infant interactions and the early stages of attachment formation. It explores the reciprocal nature of these interactions and the development of attachment over time.
The concept of reciprocity in caregiver-infant interactions is introduced, highlighting how both infant and caregiver respond to each other's signals. This mutual responsiveness forms the basis of early social bonds. Interactional synchrony, where mother and infant mirror each other's behavior simultaneously, is also discussed as a key component of these early interactions.
Definition: Reciprocity in caregiver-infant interactions refers to the mutual responsiveness between an infant and their caregiver, where both parties react to and influence each other's behavior.
The text then moves on to evaluate research in this area, noting that while studies on caregiver-infant interactions have greater validity due to their real-world relevance, they can also be socially sensitive.
The role of fathers in attachment is explored through Schaffer and Emerson's study. Their findings suggest that while mothers often form the primary attachment, fathers play a crucial role as secondary attachment figures and playmates.
Example: Schaffer and Emerson (1964) found that by 18 months, 75% of babies in their Glasgow study showed an attachment to their father, illustrating the importance of paternal relationships in infant development.
The page then outlines the stages of attachment as proposed by Schaffer:
Highlight: The indiscriminate stage of attachment is characterized by the infant accepting comfort from any adult, before developing a specific attachment to one primary caregiver.
Schaffer and Emerson's attachment study is described in more detail, highlighting their methodology and key findings. The study observed 60 babies from birth to 18 months, finding that specific attachments typically formed around 25-32 weeks, with multiple attachments developing later.
The page concludes with a brief evaluation of attachment research, noting challenges in studying the asocial stage and measuring attachments accurately.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Amy Lewis
@amylewis
Caregiver-Infant Interactions and Attachment Theory: A Comprehensive Overview
This document provides an in-depth exploration of caregiver-infant interactions and attachment theory in Psychology. It covers key concepts such as reciprocity, interactional synchrony, stages of attachment, and Bowlby's monotropic theory.... Show more
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page explores various theories and research studies related to attachment, providing a comprehensive overview of the field's development and key findings.
The discussion begins with Lorenz's study on imprinting in geese, which demonstrated that baby geese would imprint on the first moving object they saw after hatching. This study introduced the concept of a critical period for attachment formation.
Example: In Lorenz's study, geese born in an incubator imprinted on Lorenz himself, illustrating how early experiences can shape attachment behaviors.
The learning theory explanation of attachment is then presented, suggesting that infants learn to attach to their caregivers through classical and operant conditioning, associating them with the provision of food and comfort. However, this theory is critiqued for oversimplifying the attachment process.
Bowlby's monotropic theory is introduced as a pivotal concept in attachment research. This theory proposes that humans are biologically predisposed to form attachments, with infants possessing innate behaviors (social releasers) that reinforce attachment bonds.
Definition: Bowlby's monotropic theory posits that infants are biologically programmed to form a single, strong attachment (monotropy) with a primary caregiver, typically the mother.
Key aspects of Bowlby's theory are outlined:
The theory is evaluated, noting support from Brazelton's research and animal studies, but also highlighting contradictory evidence from Schaffer and Emerson regarding multiple attachments.
Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys is then described, which investigated the relative importance of food versus comfort in attachment formation. This groundbreaking study found that comfort was more crucial than food for attachment, challenging previous assumptions.
Highlight: Harlow's research demonstrated that infant monkeys preferred a soft, cloth-covered surrogate mother over a wire mother that provided food, emphasizing the importance of comfort in attachment formation.
The page concludes with a description of Ainsworth's strange situation experiment, a seminal study in attachment research. This controlled observation procedure assessed infants' attachment styles based on their reactions to separation and reunion with their mothers.
Ainsworth identified three main attachment styles:
The study's evaluation notes its good reliability due to multiple observers but raises ethical concerns about causing mild distress in some infants.
Finally, the text touches on cultural variations in attachment patterns, referencing a meta-analysis of 32 studies across 8 countries. This research found that secure attachment was the most common type across all cultures, with some variations in the prevalence of insecure attachment styles.
Vocabulary: Meta-analysis refers to a statistical technique that combines the results of multiple scientific studies to draw broader conclusions about a particular research question.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page delves into the fundamental concepts of caregiver-infant interactions and the early stages of attachment formation. It explores the reciprocal nature of these interactions and the development of attachment over time.
The concept of reciprocity in caregiver-infant interactions is introduced, highlighting how both infant and caregiver respond to each other's signals. This mutual responsiveness forms the basis of early social bonds. Interactional synchrony, where mother and infant mirror each other's behavior simultaneously, is also discussed as a key component of these early interactions.
Definition: Reciprocity in caregiver-infant interactions refers to the mutual responsiveness between an infant and their caregiver, where both parties react to and influence each other's behavior.
The text then moves on to evaluate research in this area, noting that while studies on caregiver-infant interactions have greater validity due to their real-world relevance, they can also be socially sensitive.
The role of fathers in attachment is explored through Schaffer and Emerson's study. Their findings suggest that while mothers often form the primary attachment, fathers play a crucial role as secondary attachment figures and playmates.
Example: Schaffer and Emerson (1964) found that by 18 months, 75% of babies in their Glasgow study showed an attachment to their father, illustrating the importance of paternal relationships in infant development.
The page then outlines the stages of attachment as proposed by Schaffer:
Highlight: The indiscriminate stage of attachment is characterized by the infant accepting comfort from any adult, before developing a specific attachment to one primary caregiver.
Schaffer and Emerson's attachment study is described in more detail, highlighting their methodology and key findings. The study observed 60 babies from birth to 18 months, finding that specific attachments typically formed around 25-32 weeks, with multiple attachments developing later.
The page concludes with a brief evaluation of attachment research, noting challenges in studying the asocial stage and measuring attachments accurately.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
