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Biological molecules
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1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
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Sociology
1 Dec 2025
213
5 pages
Zoe @zoeislar
Liberal feminism emerged from the core principles of liberal political thought, arguing that women deserve equal rights simply... Show more
You're about to discover how two brilliant thinkers laid the groundwork for everything from women's voting rights to equal pay campaigns. Mary Wollstonecraft wrote the first major feminist text in 1792, arguing that the 'distinction of sex' would disappear if women gained access to education and were seen as rational beings.
John Stuart Mill took this further in 1869, proposing that society should be organised by reason rather than 'accidents of birth' like gender. He believed women deserved voting rights because they were rational individuals - a revolutionary idea at the time.
These arguments were quintessentially liberal because they treated women as rational individuals capable of making their own choices. If you can think logically and make decisions, liberal theory says you deserve full citizenship rights - it's that simple.
Key Point Liberal feminism starts with the belief that women are rational individuals who deserve the same rights as men.
Fast-forward to the 1960s, when Betty Friedan sparked second-wave feminism with "The Feminine Mystique." She exposed the cultural myth that women naturally find fulfilment only in domestic life and motherhood.
Friedan identified "the problem with no name" - the despair many women felt when confined to domestic roles. She argued this wasn't natural but a social construct that prevented women from pursuing careers and political involvement.
Her solution was pure liberal thinking rational individuals naturally seek fulfilment through choice and productivity. Women needed options beyond the domestic sphere to feel truly fulfilled, just like men.
Remember Friedan founded NOW (National Organization of Women) in 1966, which became the world's largest women's organisation.
Individualism forms the philosophical backbone of liberal feminism - the belief that all humans have equal moral worth regardless of their characteristics. This means judging people on rational grounds like character, talents and personal worth rather than arbitrary factors.
Liberal feminists fought for women's access to education, voting rights, and career opportunities because they believed in the formula effort × talent = outcome. Any discrimination that prevents women from participating in public life violates this principle of equal treatment.
The entire suffrage movement was built on these ideas. Early feminists like Wollstonecraft and Mill insisted that if women could think rationally, they deserved the same citizenship rights as men.
This approach is fundamentally reformist - it seeks to open up existing systems to fair competition rather than completely rebuilding society.
Think About It Liberal feminism works within the current system to achieve change, rather than trying to tear it down completely.
Liberal feminism focuses on achieving equal rights in the public sphere - education, voting, careers - without challenging the basic structure of society. This reformist approach has delivered significant victories like voting rights, divorce law reforms, and equal pay advances.
However, it pays less attention to the private sphere - family life, domestic responsibilities, and power dynamics at home. Liberal feminists often accept that women and men have different natural inclinations, which can lead to the idea that women can "have it all."
Friedan later explored this tension in "The Second Stage," discussing how to balance career success with family life. Critics argue this creates unrealistic expectations and a new kind of pressure on women.
The movement has also faced criticism for primarily benefiting educated, middle-class women who can take advantage of new opportunities, whilst potentially ignoring working-class women and women of colour.
Critical Thinking Consider how social class and race intersect with gender to create different experiences of discrimination.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key perspectives of various feminist ideologies including liberal, socialist, radical, and postmodern feminism. This summary highlights the core beliefs, differences, and contributions of prominent feminist thinkers, making it an essential resource for A-level Politics students. Understand how these ideologies address issues of patriarchy, gender equality, and the role of the state in women's liberation.
PoliticsExplore key concepts from influential political thinkers across liberalism, socialism, feminism, and conservatism. This summary covers essential theories, including the social contract, feminist ideology, and the roles of prominent figures like John Locke, Karl Marx, and Rosa Luxemburg. Ideal for AQA specifications.
PoliticsExplore the key events and policies of the Cold War, including the Cuban Missile Crisis, Détente, and the rise and fall of superpower relations. This comprehensive summary covers significant moments such as SALT agreements, the Berlin Wall, and Gorbachev's reforms, providing essential insights for IB History students. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding the complexities of Cold War geopolitics.
PoliticsExplore comprehensive insights into Liberalism for A-Level Politics. This study note covers key concepts such as democracy, natural rights, political legitimacy, and the balance between individual freedom and public order. Delve into the thoughts of influential thinkers like John Locke and feminist ideologies, while understanding the evolution of liberal thought and its implications in modern governance. Ideal for exam preparation and deepening your understanding of political ideologies.
PoliticsApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Zoe
@zoeislar
Liberal feminism emerged from the core principles of liberal political thought, arguing that women deserve equal rights simply because they're rational human beings. This branch of feminism has shaped the women's movement for centuries, from the suffragettes fighting for the... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
You're about to discover how two brilliant thinkers laid the groundwork for everything from women's voting rights to equal pay campaigns. Mary Wollstonecraft wrote the first major feminist text in 1792, arguing that the 'distinction of sex' would disappear if women gained access to education and were seen as rational beings.
John Stuart Mill took this further in 1869, proposing that society should be organised by reason rather than 'accidents of birth' like gender. He believed women deserved voting rights because they were rational individuals - a revolutionary idea at the time.
These arguments were quintessentially liberal because they treated women as rational individuals capable of making their own choices. If you can think logically and make decisions, liberal theory says you deserve full citizenship rights - it's that simple.
Key Point: Liberal feminism starts with the belief that women are rational individuals who deserve the same rights as men.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Fast-forward to the 1960s, when Betty Friedan sparked second-wave feminism with "The Feminine Mystique." She exposed the cultural myth that women naturally find fulfilment only in domestic life and motherhood.
Friedan identified "the problem with no name" - the despair many women felt when confined to domestic roles. She argued this wasn't natural but a social construct that prevented women from pursuing careers and political involvement.
Her solution was pure liberal thinking: rational individuals naturally seek fulfilment through choice and productivity. Women needed options beyond the domestic sphere to feel truly fulfilled, just like men.
Remember: Friedan founded NOW (National Organization of Women) in 1966, which became the world's largest women's organisation.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Individualism forms the philosophical backbone of liberal feminism - the belief that all humans have equal moral worth regardless of their characteristics. This means judging people on rational grounds like character, talents and personal worth rather than arbitrary factors.
Liberal feminists fought for women's access to education, voting rights, and career opportunities because they believed in the formula: effort × talent = outcome. Any discrimination that prevents women from participating in public life violates this principle of equal treatment.
The entire suffrage movement was built on these ideas. Early feminists like Wollstonecraft and Mill insisted that if women could think rationally, they deserved the same citizenship rights as men.
This approach is fundamentally reformist - it seeks to open up existing systems to fair competition rather than completely rebuilding society.
Think About It: Liberal feminism works within the current system to achieve change, rather than trying to tear it down completely.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Liberal feminism focuses on achieving equal rights in the public sphere - education, voting, careers - without challenging the basic structure of society. This reformist approach has delivered significant victories like voting rights, divorce law reforms, and equal pay advances.
However, it pays less attention to the private sphere - family life, domestic responsibilities, and power dynamics at home. Liberal feminists often accept that women and men have different natural inclinations, which can lead to the idea that women can "have it all."
Friedan later explored this tension in "The Second Stage," discussing how to balance career success with family life. Critics argue this creates unrealistic expectations and a new kind of pressure on women.
The movement has also faced criticism for primarily benefiting educated, middle-class women who can take advantage of new opportunities, whilst potentially ignoring working-class women and women of colour.
Critical Thinking: Consider how social class and race intersect with gender to create different experiences of discrimination.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
2
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key perspectives of various feminist ideologies including liberal, socialist, radical, and postmodern feminism. This summary highlights the core beliefs, differences, and contributions of prominent feminist thinkers, making it an essential resource for A-level Politics students. Understand how these ideologies address issues of patriarchy, gender equality, and the role of the state in women's liberation.
PoliticsExplore key concepts from influential political thinkers across liberalism, socialism, feminism, and conservatism. This summary covers essential theories, including the social contract, feminist ideology, and the roles of prominent figures like John Locke, Karl Marx, and Rosa Luxemburg. Ideal for AQA specifications.
PoliticsExplore the key events and policies of the Cold War, including the Cuban Missile Crisis, Détente, and the rise and fall of superpower relations. This comprehensive summary covers significant moments such as SALT agreements, the Berlin Wall, and Gorbachev's reforms, providing essential insights for IB History students. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding the complexities of Cold War geopolitics.
PoliticsExplore comprehensive insights into Liberalism for A-Level Politics. This study note covers key concepts such as democracy, natural rights, political legitimacy, and the balance between individual freedom and public order. Delve into the thoughts of influential thinkers like John Locke and feminist ideologies, while understanding the evolution of liberal thought and its implications in modern governance. Ideal for exam preparation and deepening your understanding of political ideologies.
PoliticsApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
