Page 2: Electromagnetic Spectrum and Wave Behavior

This section details the electromagnetic spectrum and wave behavior, particularly focusing on diffraction. The content is crucial for understanding btec applied science unit 1 physics notes.

Definition: Diffraction occurs when waves spread out while passing through a gap or traveling around an obstacle.

Highlight: The relationship between gap size and diffraction:

• Large gap = Low diffraction levels
• Small gap = High diffraction levels
• Large wavelength = High diffraction levels

Example: Gamma rays (0.0001nm) are used to sterilize medical equipment and treat cancer, while radio waves (100m) are used for broadcasting.

Page 3: Radio Waves and Wave Speed Calculations

This page focuses on radio wave characteristics and introduces fundamental wave speed equations, essential for btec applied science level 3 unit 1 physics past papers.

Definition: Wave Speed = Frequency × Wavelength [m/s]

Highlight: Radio waves with different frequencies serve different purposes:

• Low frequencies (3MHz): Suitable for hundreds of miles
• High frequencies (3-30MHz): Effective for international communication

Vocabulary:

• Ionosphere: The layer around Earth that reflects certain radio waves
• Planck's Constant: Fundamental physical constant used in wave energy calculations

Page 1: Fundamental Wave Concepts

This page introduces the core concepts of wave physics, explaining the two main types of waves and their essential properties. Waves are energy transfers caused by disturbances, capable of reflection, refraction, diffraction, and superposition.

Definition: A wave is a transfer of energy from one place to another, caused by a disturbance.

Highlight: There are only two fundamental types of waves: Transfer (Transverse) Waves and Longitudinal Waves.

Example: Water waves and electromagnetic waves are examples of transverse waves, while sound waves represent longitudinal waves.

Vocabulary:

• Wavelength: Distance between consecutive peaks or troughs
• Amplitude: Height of wave above the zero line
• Frequency: Number of complete waves passing a point per second