Page 1: Atomic Structure and Radiation Fundamentals
The first page delves into the fundamental concepts of atomic structure and introduces radioactive decay physics. The content explores electron behavior, energy levels, and the basics of radiation emission.
Definition: Radiation refers to particles or waves emitted by radioactive substances through a natural and completely spontaneous process.
Vocabulary: Ionising radiation - Radiation that causes atoms to gain or lose charge, forming ions.
Example: During electron excitation, electromagnetic waves are absorbed, causing electrons to move to higher energy levels. When de-excitation occurs, visible light is emitted.
Highlight: The radius of an atomic nucleus is approximately 1/10,000 of the total atomic radius, demonstrating the vast empty space within atoms.
The page explains nuclear equations for different types of decay:
- Alpha decay (loss of 2 protons and 2 neutrons)
- Beta minus decay (neutron conversion to proton)
- Beta plus decay (proton conversion to neutron)
- Gamma decay (no nuclear change)
Quote: "All elements have different isotopes, but there are usually only one or two stable ones. The other unstable isotopes tend to decay into other elements and give out radiation as they try to become more stable."
