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Biology
English Language
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Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
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Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
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Genetic information & variation
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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
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73
โข
16 Dec 2025
โข
grace ๐ซ
@ramagcrkse
These five physics experiments are essential practicals you'll need to... Show more
Ever wondered why metal feels colder than wood at the same temperature? This experiment reveals how different materials store thermal energy by measuring specific heat capacity - the energy needed to heat 1kg of material by 1ยฐC.
You'll set up a simple circuit with an immersion heater connected to a power pack, using an ammeter (in series) and voltmeter (in parallel) to measure electrical energy. The metal block sits in insulating material to prevent heat loss, with a thermometer monitoring temperature changes.
The method is straightforward: measure the block's mass, record initial temperature, heat it for a few minutes, then calculate using ฮE = mass ร SHC ร ฮtemp. Different metals like aluminium, copper, and steel will show dramatically different results.
Top Tip: Keep the current low and steady - high currents can damage your equipment and give inaccurate readings due to rapid temperature changes.
Which material keeps your tea hottest longest? This practical investigates how different thermal insulators affect heat transfer rates - knowledge that's crucial for understanding energy efficiency in homes.
The setup uses a clever double-beaker system: hot water goes in a small beaker, which sits inside a larger beaker filled with your chosen insulating material. A cardboard lid with a thermometer maintains controlled conditions whilst allowing temperature monitoring.
You'll test materials like wool, newspaper, and foil by recording temperature changes every three minutes for 15 minutes. The best insulators show the smallest temperature drops over time.
This experiment directly connects to real-world applications like cavity wall insulation and thermal clothing. Plot your results on a graph to clearly see which materials are most effective at reducing heat transfer.
Remember: Start each test with identical water temperatures and volumes - inconsistent starting conditions will ruin your results.
Your phone charger gets warm when it's working - that's electrical resistance converting energy to heat. This experiment reveals the relationship between wire length and resistance, a fundamental concept in electrical circuit design.
Using a simple circuit with copper or nichrome wire, you'll measure voltage and current at different lengths using crocodile clips moved in 10cm intervals. Ohm's law calculates resistance from your ammeter and voltmeter readings.
Starting at one metre and working down to 30cm, you'll discover that resistance increases proportionally with length. This relationship appears as a straight line when you plot your results, making it easy to predict resistance for any wire length.
This practical explains why extension leads heat up and why electrical engineers choose specific wire thicknesses for different applications.
Safety First: Always turn off the power pack before moving crocodile clips - live circuits can give nasty shocks and damage components.
Not all electrical components behave the same way when voltage changes. This experiment investigates I-V characteristics of three key components: filament lamps, fixed resistors, and diodes - each showing distinctive patterns you need to recognise.
The method involves systematically varying voltage using a variable resistor whilst measuring current and potential difference. You'll then reverse the battery connections to see how each component responds to current flowing in opposite directions.
Fixed resistors produce straight-line graphs (following Ohm's law), whilst filament lamps create curved lines as resistance increases with temperature. Diodes show the most dramatic behaviour - conducting in one direction only.
These characteristic curves help engineers design circuits and troubleshoot electrical problems. Understanding why each component behaves differently connects to atomic-level physics and practical electronics.
Key Insight: The shape of each I-V graph tells you instantly what type of component you're testing - this pattern recognition is essential for exam success.
Why do some materials float whilst others sink? Density - mass per unit volume - determines this behaviour and helps identify unknown substances using the formula d = M/V.
The Eureka can method cleverly measures irregular object volumes through water displacement. Fill the can until water overflows, then drop in your object and collect the displaced water in a measuring cylinder - this volume equals your object's volume.
After measuring the object's mass with a balance, simply divide mass by volume to calculate density. Different materials show characteristic density values that can identify substances or reveal if they're pure.
This technique works for any irregularly shaped object, from rocks to complex metal pieces. Comparing your results to known density values tests the accuracy of your experimental method.
Pro Tip: Ensure the Eureka can is completely full before starting - any air gaps will give you incorrect volume measurements and throw off your density calculations.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help โ all at your fingertips.
Quotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
grace ๐ซ
@ramagcrkse
These five physics experiments are essential practicals you'll need to master for your GCSEs. They cover fundamental concepts like heat transfer, electrical circuits, and material properties that show up frequently in exams.
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Ever wondered why metal feels colder than wood at the same temperature? This experiment reveals how different materials store thermal energy by measuring specific heat capacity - the energy needed to heat 1kg of material by 1ยฐC.
You'll set up a simple circuit with an immersion heater connected to a power pack, using an ammeter (in series) and voltmeter (in parallel) to measure electrical energy. The metal block sits in insulating material to prevent heat loss, with a thermometer monitoring temperature changes.
The method is straightforward: measure the block's mass, record initial temperature, heat it for a few minutes, then calculate using ฮE = mass ร SHC ร ฮtemp. Different metals like aluminium, copper, and steel will show dramatically different results.
Top Tip: Keep the current low and steady - high currents can damage your equipment and give inaccurate readings due to rapid temperature changes.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Which material keeps your tea hottest longest? This practical investigates how different thermal insulators affect heat transfer rates - knowledge that's crucial for understanding energy efficiency in homes.
The setup uses a clever double-beaker system: hot water goes in a small beaker, which sits inside a larger beaker filled with your chosen insulating material. A cardboard lid with a thermometer maintains controlled conditions whilst allowing temperature monitoring.
You'll test materials like wool, newspaper, and foil by recording temperature changes every three minutes for 15 minutes. The best insulators show the smallest temperature drops over time.
This experiment directly connects to real-world applications like cavity wall insulation and thermal clothing. Plot your results on a graph to clearly see which materials are most effective at reducing heat transfer.
Remember: Start each test with identical water temperatures and volumes - inconsistent starting conditions will ruin your results.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Your phone charger gets warm when it's working - that's electrical resistance converting energy to heat. This experiment reveals the relationship between wire length and resistance, a fundamental concept in electrical circuit design.
Using a simple circuit with copper or nichrome wire, you'll measure voltage and current at different lengths using crocodile clips moved in 10cm intervals. Ohm's law calculates resistance from your ammeter and voltmeter readings.
Starting at one metre and working down to 30cm, you'll discover that resistance increases proportionally with length. This relationship appears as a straight line when you plot your results, making it easy to predict resistance for any wire length.
This practical explains why extension leads heat up and why electrical engineers choose specific wire thicknesses for different applications.
Safety First: Always turn off the power pack before moving crocodile clips - live circuits can give nasty shocks and damage components.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Not all electrical components behave the same way when voltage changes. This experiment investigates I-V characteristics of three key components: filament lamps, fixed resistors, and diodes - each showing distinctive patterns you need to recognise.
The method involves systematically varying voltage using a variable resistor whilst measuring current and potential difference. You'll then reverse the battery connections to see how each component responds to current flowing in opposite directions.
Fixed resistors produce straight-line graphs (following Ohm's law), whilst filament lamps create curved lines as resistance increases with temperature. Diodes show the most dramatic behaviour - conducting in one direction only.
These characteristic curves help engineers design circuits and troubleshoot electrical problems. Understanding why each component behaves differently connects to atomic-level physics and practical electronics.
Key Insight: The shape of each I-V graph tells you instantly what type of component you're testing - this pattern recognition is essential for exam success.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Why do some materials float whilst others sink? Density - mass per unit volume - determines this behaviour and helps identify unknown substances using the formula d = M/V.
The Eureka can method cleverly measures irregular object volumes through water displacement. Fill the can until water overflows, then drop in your object and collect the displaced water in a measuring cylinder - this volume equals your object's volume.
After measuring the object's mass with a balance, simply divide mass by volume to calculate density. Different materials show characteristic density values that can identify substances or reveal if they're pure.
This technique works for any irregularly shaped object, from rocks to complex metal pieces. Comparing your results to known density values tests the accuracy of your experimental method.
Pro Tip: Ensure the Eureka can is completely full before starting - any air gaps will give you incorrect volume measurements and throw off your density calculations.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help โ all at your fingertips.
1
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: โ 50+ Practice Questions โ Interactive Flashcards โ Full Mock Exam โ Essay Outlines
Quotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Physics
Sociology