Energy and Electricity in Physics
This page covers fundamental concepts in energy, electricity, and related practical experiments for GCSE Physics. It includes information on energy stores, transfer methods, and key laws such as Hooke's Law.
Energy Stores and Transfers
Highlight: Energy is always conserved - it cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred between different stores.
The document lists various energy stores, including:
- Kinetic
- Gravitational potential
- Electric potential/electromagnetic
- Nuclear
- Thermal
- Elastic potential
- Vibrational
- Chemical potential
Example: When an object drops, gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
Work Done and Power
Work done is defined as energy transferred by a force. The formula for work done is:
Definition: Work Done EnergyTransferred = Force × Distance E=Fd
Power is the rate of energy transfer, measured in watts W:
Definition: Power = Energy / Time P=E/t
Practical Experiments
Density Practical
The document outlines methods for measuring density:
- For regular objects: Measure edges and calculate volume
- For irregular objects: Use displacement method with water
Hooke's Law Springs Practical Experiment
Highlight: Hooke's Law states that F = ke, where F is force, k is spring constant, and e is extension.
Steps for the Hooke's Law experiment:
- Set up the spring and ruler
- Add masses and measure extension
- Repeat up to 1000g
- Draw a graph of results
Vocabulary: Independent variable: Force, Dependent variable: Extension
Energy Transfer in Solutions
A method for measuring dissolved solutes is described, using the principle that 100cm³ of water = 100g.
Pressure and States of Matter
The document covers pressure in gases, liquids, and hydraulic systems. It also describes the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of particle behavior.
Energy Sources and Efficiency
Definition: Efficiency = UsefulOutputEnergy/TotalInputEnergy × 100
The text lists renewable and non-renewable energy sources and explains the concept of efficiency in energy transfers.
This comprehensive page provides essential information for students studying GCSE Physics electricity and energy transfer, offering clear explanations and practical experiment guidance.