Particles and States of Matter
This page delves into the behavior of particles in different states of matter and explores the processes of state changes. It also introduces the concepts of dissolving and pressure.
Solid State
In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions due to strong forces of attraction.
Highlight: Solid particles have limited movement and are held tightly together.
Liquid State
Liquid particles flow and move past each other with more freedom than solids.
Vocabulary: Liquid particles have weaker forces of attraction compared to solids, allowing for greater movement.
Gas State
Gas particles move freely with weak forces of attraction between them.
Example: The movement of particles in solid, liquid and gas states can be visualized as: solid (vibrating in place), liquid (flowing), and gas (moving randomly).
Changes of State
The page illustrates various state changes:
- Melting: Solid to liquid
- Freezing: Liquid to solid
- Boiling/Evaporating: Liquid to gas
- Condensing: Gas to liquid
Definition: Particle arrangement of liquid is less ordered than solids but more constrained than gases.
Dissolving
The process of dissolving is explained, introducing terms like solute, solvent, and solution.
Highlight: Hot water dissolves solutes faster due to increased particle movement.
Pressure
Pressure is related to temperature and volume. Increasing temperature or reducing volume leads to increased pressure.
Example: In a closed container, heating a gas or reducing its volume will increase the pressure as particles collide more frequently with the container walls.
Pure and Impure Substances
The page concludes by differentiating between pure and impure substances.
Definition: Pure substances have fixed melting and boiling points, while impure substances have a range of melting and boiling points.
