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0
C
chloe
16/12/2025
Physics
GCSE AQA Physics Paper 1
1,405
•
16 Dec 2025
•
AQA GCSE Physics Paper 1 Revision Guide
C
chloe
@chloe.a
1 / 4
Energy Resources and Transfers
Coal might be cheap and plentiful right now, but it's a non-renewable energy resource that will eventually run out and releases harmful gases when burned. Compare this to renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and tidal power - they'll never run out, though they can be unreliable and expensive to set up initially.
Energy doesn't just disappear - it gets transferred between different energy stores. When a moving car slows down, kinetic energy (movement) transfers to the thermal energy store of the brakes through mechanical forces. Similarly, when you heat water with an electric kettle, electrical current transfers energy to the water's thermal store.
There are eight main energy stores you need to know: kinetic (moving objects), gravitational potential (lifted objects), elastic potential , thermal (hot objects), chemical (food, fuel, batteries), nuclear, magnetic, and electrostatic. Energy transfers through four main methods: heating, waves, electric current, and mechanical forces.
Key Concept: In a closed system, the total energy always stays the same - it just moves between different stores. This is called conservation of energy, and it's fundamental to understanding physics.
The greenhouse effect happens because gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour trap heat in our atmosphere. Human activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and livestock farming increase these greenhouse gas levels, causing Earth's temperature to rise.
Comparing Energy Sources
Each energy source has trade-offs you need to understand for your exams. Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas are cheap to extract and meet current demand easily, but they're running out and release carbon dioxide when burned.
Nuclear power releases massive amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel with no polluting gases, but it's expensive and dangerous to handle the radioactive waste. Solar power is clean and has no fuel costs, but it's unreliable (clouds block sunlight) and expensive to set up initially.
Wind and wave energy are renewable and don't produce waste, but they're completely dependent on weather conditions and can be unreliable for large-scale energy production. Wind farms can also harm marine habitats and create hazards for boats.
Exam Tip: Questions often ask you to compare advantages and disadvantages of different energy sources. Remember that renewable sources are generally clean but unreliable, while non-renewable sources are reliable but environmentally harmful.
Hydroelectric power uses dams to generate electricity reliably with no fuel costs, but building dams is expensive and can damage local habitats. Geothermal energy taps into Earth's heat and can be carbon neutral, but it requires specific geological conditions and significant land area.
Forces and Elasticity
Springs follow a simple rule: the more you stretch them, the more force they exert back. This relationship is described by Hooke's Law: Force = spring constant × extension .
To investigate this relationship, you'll hang masses from a spring and measure how much it stretches. Start by measuring the spring's natural length (unstretched), then add masses one by one, recording the new length each time. Calculate the extension by subtracting the original length from the new length.
The spring constant tells you how stiff a spring is - a high value means it's hard to stretch, whilst a low value means it stretches easily. When you plot force against extension, you should get a straight line through the origin for springs that obey Hooke's Law.
Practical Tip: Make sure the spring comes to rest before taking measurements, and always measure from the same point on the spring for consistent results.
This experiment demonstrates elastic behaviour - the spring returns to its original length when you remove the force. However, if you stretch it too far past its elastic limit, it won't return to its original shape and becomes permanently deformed.
Electric Circuits and Current
Electric current is simply the flow of charge through a conductor, measured in amperes (A). The bigger the current, the more charge flows per second - think of it like water flowing through a pipe.
Ohm's Law is your most important equation: V = IR . This tells you that if resistance increases, current decreases for the same voltage. Components like resistors control current flow, whilst ammeters measure current and voltmeters measure potential difference.
Different components behave in unique ways. An LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) has high resistance in the dark but low resistance in bright light. A thermistor's resistance changes with temperature. Diodes only allow current to flow in one direction, making them useful for protecting circuits.
Circuit Tip: Remember that ammeters connect in series (in line with the component) whilst voltmeters connect in parallel (across the component). Getting this wrong will damage your equipment!
Power calculations are crucial for understanding energy transfer in circuits. Use P = VI or P = I²R for resistive components. Energy transferred is simply E = Pt , helping you calculate electricity costs and component heating.
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
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Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
AQA GCSE Physics Paper 1 Revision Guide
C
chloe
@chloe.a
Physics can feel overwhelming, but once you break it down, energy and electricity are actually quite straightforward concepts that explain how our world works. From understanding why fossil fuels contribute to climate change to figuring out how circuits power your... Show more
Energy Resources and Transfers
Coal might be cheap and plentiful right now, but it's a non-renewable energy resource that will eventually run out and releases harmful gases when burned. Compare this to renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and tidal power - they'll never run out, though they can be unreliable and expensive to set up initially.
Energy doesn't just disappear - it gets transferred between different energy stores. When a moving car slows down, kinetic energy (movement) transfers to the thermal energy store of the brakes through mechanical forces. Similarly, when you heat water with an electric kettle, electrical current transfers energy to the water's thermal store.
There are eight main energy stores you need to know: kinetic (moving objects), gravitational potential (lifted objects), elastic potential , thermal (hot objects), chemical (food, fuel, batteries), nuclear, magnetic, and electrostatic. Energy transfers through four main methods: heating, waves, electric current, and mechanical forces.
Key Concept: In a closed system, the total energy always stays the same - it just moves between different stores. This is called conservation of energy, and it's fundamental to understanding physics.
The greenhouse effect happens because gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour trap heat in our atmosphere. Human activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and livestock farming increase these greenhouse gas levels, causing Earth's temperature to rise.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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Comparing Energy Sources
Each energy source has trade-offs you need to understand for your exams. Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas are cheap to extract and meet current demand easily, but they're running out and release carbon dioxide when burned.
Nuclear power releases massive amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel with no polluting gases, but it's expensive and dangerous to handle the radioactive waste. Solar power is clean and has no fuel costs, but it's unreliable (clouds block sunlight) and expensive to set up initially.
Wind and wave energy are renewable and don't produce waste, but they're completely dependent on weather conditions and can be unreliable for large-scale energy production. Wind farms can also harm marine habitats and create hazards for boats.
Exam Tip: Questions often ask you to compare advantages and disadvantages of different energy sources. Remember that renewable sources are generally clean but unreliable, while non-renewable sources are reliable but environmentally harmful.
Hydroelectric power uses dams to generate electricity reliably with no fuel costs, but building dams is expensive and can damage local habitats. Geothermal energy taps into Earth's heat and can be carbon neutral, but it requires specific geological conditions and significant land area.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Forces and Elasticity
Springs follow a simple rule: the more you stretch them, the more force they exert back. This relationship is described by Hooke's Law: Force = spring constant × extension .
To investigate this relationship, you'll hang masses from a spring and measure how much it stretches. Start by measuring the spring's natural length (unstretched), then add masses one by one, recording the new length each time. Calculate the extension by subtracting the original length from the new length.
The spring constant tells you how stiff a spring is - a high value means it's hard to stretch, whilst a low value means it stretches easily. When you plot force against extension, you should get a straight line through the origin for springs that obey Hooke's Law.
Practical Tip: Make sure the spring comes to rest before taking measurements, and always measure from the same point on the spring for consistent results.
This experiment demonstrates elastic behaviour - the spring returns to its original length when you remove the force. However, if you stretch it too far past its elastic limit, it won't return to its original shape and becomes permanently deformed.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Electric Circuits and Current
Electric current is simply the flow of charge through a conductor, measured in amperes (A). The bigger the current, the more charge flows per second - think of it like water flowing through a pipe.
Ohm's Law is your most important equation: V = IR . This tells you that if resistance increases, current decreases for the same voltage. Components like resistors control current flow, whilst ammeters measure current and voltmeters measure potential difference.
Different components behave in unique ways. An LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) has high resistance in the dark but low resistance in bright light. A thermistor's resistance changes with temperature. Diodes only allow current to flow in one direction, making them useful for protecting circuits.
Circuit Tip: Remember that ammeters connect in series (in line with the component) whilst voltmeters connect in parallel (across the component). Getting this wrong will damage your equipment!
Power calculations are crucial for understanding energy transfer in circuits. Use P = VI or P = I²R for resistive components. Energy transferred is simply E = Pt , helping you calculate electricity costs and component heating.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
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4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user