Maths
Chemistry
Biology
English Language
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Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
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Physical Education
1 Dec 2025
417
1 page
Bella Findlay @bellafindlay_uk
Your body is like a brilliant transport network, constantly moving oxygen, nutrients, and waste around to keep you... Show more
Ever wondered how oxygen gets from your lungs to your muscles when you're running? It's all about teamwork between your heart, blood vessels, and lungs working as an incredible delivery system.
Your cardiovascular system has three main types of blood vessels, each perfectly designed for their job. Arteries carry blood away from your heart under high pressure - that's why they need thick, muscular walls and a small central space (called the lumen). Veins do the opposite, bringing blood back to your heart with thin walls, large lumens, and special valves to stop blood flowing backwards. The real magic happens in capillaries - these tiny vessels have walls just one cell thick, making it easy for oxygen and nutrients to pass through to your body's cells.
Red blood cells are your body's delivery drivers, carrying oxygen and nutrients whilst picking up waste products like carbon dioxide. Your heart's efficiency is measured by cardiac output - the amount of blood pumped per minute, calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate.
Your respiratory system follows a clear pathway during inspiration air enters through your nose or mouth, travels down the trachea, splits into two bronchi (one for each lung), branches into smaller bronchioles, and finally reaches millions of tiny alveoli where gas exchange happens. When you breathe in, your diaphragm contracts and moves down while your intercostal muscles lift your ribs up and out, creating more space and lower pressure that sucks air into your lungs.
Quick Tip Remember that minute ventilation (the air you breathe per minute) equals tidal volume (air per breath) multiplied by breathing rate (breaths per minute) - this formula often comes up in exams!
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
6
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key functions and components of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including blood circulation, gas exchange, and their roles in sports performance. This summary covers essential concepts such as heart anatomy, blood pressure, and the importance of red blood cells, providing a comprehensive understanding for students in human anatomy and physiology.
Physical EducationExplore the anatomy of the heart and the cardiovascular system, including the roles of arteries, veins, and capillaries in blood circulation. This summary covers the flow of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, the structure of blood vessels, and the function of blood components. Ideal for students studying transport in animals and the circulatory system.
Physical EducationExplore the key differences between aerobic and anaerobic exercise, including their energy systems, training methods, and benefits for cardiovascular health. This summary covers essential concepts in exercise physiology and physical education, highlighting effective training strategies such as HIIT, interval training, and continuous workouts.
Physical EducationExplore the essential components and functions of the cardiovascular system, including the heart's structure, the double-circulatory system, and the roles of arteries, veins, and capillaries. This summary is tailored for OCR GCSE PE students, highlighting key concepts such as heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output.
Physical EducationExplore the intricacies of the cardiovascular system, including the structure and function of the heart, blood vessels, and the processes of vasoconstriction and vasodilation. This summary covers key concepts such as the double circulatory system, cardiac output, and the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport. Ideal for students studying biology and human anatomy.
Physical EducationExplore the key components of the skeletal system, including bone types, joint structures, and their functions in movement and protection. This summary covers the roles of bones in blood cell production, mineral storage, and muscle attachment, along with detailed descriptions of various joint types and their movements. Ideal for students studying human anatomy and physiology.
Physical EducationApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Bella Findlay
@bellafindlay_uk
Your body is like a brilliant transport network, constantly moving oxygen, nutrients, and waste around to keep you alive and healthy. Understanding how your cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together is crucial for GCSE Biology - and it's actually pretty... Show more
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Ever wondered how oxygen gets from your lungs to your muscles when you're running? It's all about teamwork between your heart, blood vessels, and lungs working as an incredible delivery system.
Your cardiovascular system has three main types of blood vessels, each perfectly designed for their job. Arteries carry blood away from your heart under high pressure - that's why they need thick, muscular walls and a small central space (called the lumen). Veins do the opposite, bringing blood back to your heart with thin walls, large lumens, and special valves to stop blood flowing backwards. The real magic happens in capillaries - these tiny vessels have walls just one cell thick, making it easy for oxygen and nutrients to pass through to your body's cells.
Red blood cells are your body's delivery drivers, carrying oxygen and nutrients whilst picking up waste products like carbon dioxide. Your heart's efficiency is measured by cardiac output - the amount of blood pumped per minute, calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate.
Your respiratory system follows a clear pathway during inspiration: air enters through your nose or mouth, travels down the trachea, splits into two bronchi (one for each lung), branches into smaller bronchioles, and finally reaches millions of tiny alveoli where gas exchange happens. When you breathe in, your diaphragm contracts and moves down while your intercostal muscles lift your ribs up and out, creating more space and lower pressure that sucks air into your lungs.
Quick Tip: Remember that minute ventilation (the air you breathe per minute) equals tidal volume (air per breath) multiplied by breathing rate (breaths per minute) - this formula often comes up in exams!
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
6
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key functions and components of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including blood circulation, gas exchange, and their roles in sports performance. This summary covers essential concepts such as heart anatomy, blood pressure, and the importance of red blood cells, providing a comprehensive understanding for students in human anatomy and physiology.
Physical EducationExplore the anatomy of the heart and the cardiovascular system, including the roles of arteries, veins, and capillaries in blood circulation. This summary covers the flow of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, the structure of blood vessels, and the function of blood components. Ideal for students studying transport in animals and the circulatory system.
Physical EducationExplore the key differences between aerobic and anaerobic exercise, including their energy systems, training methods, and benefits for cardiovascular health. This summary covers essential concepts in exercise physiology and physical education, highlighting effective training strategies such as HIIT, interval training, and continuous workouts.
Physical EducationExplore the essential components and functions of the cardiovascular system, including the heart's structure, the double-circulatory system, and the roles of arteries, veins, and capillaries. This summary is tailored for OCR GCSE PE students, highlighting key concepts such as heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output.
Physical EducationExplore the intricacies of the cardiovascular system, including the structure and function of the heart, blood vessels, and the processes of vasoconstriction and vasodilation. This summary covers key concepts such as the double circulatory system, cardiac output, and the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport. Ideal for students studying biology and human anatomy.
Physical EducationExplore the key components of the skeletal system, including bone types, joint structures, and their functions in movement and protection. This summary covers the roles of bones in blood cell production, mineral storage, and muscle attachment, along with detailed descriptions of various joint types and their movements. Ideal for students studying human anatomy and physiology.
Physical EducationApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Combined Science
Sociology