Movement Types and Joint Actions

The skeletal system enables eight distinct types of movement through various joint configurations. Each movement type serves specific functional purposes in human motion.

Definition: Movement types include flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction, dorsiflexion, and plantarflexion.

Example: A star jump demonstrates both abduction (moving limbs away from body) and adduction (bringing limbs toward body).

Vocabulary: Circumduction - A circular movement pattern possible at ball and socket joints.

Highlight: Different joints allow different movement combinations, with ball and socket joints offering the greatest range of motion.

Long-term Effects of Exercise

Regular physical activity significantly impacts the skeletal system's strength and density over time.

Definition: Bone density refers to the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.

Highlight: Weight-bearing activities are particularly effective at increasing bone density and strength.

Example: Activities like running and resistance training contribute to stronger, denser bones over time.

Anatomical Structure and Organization

The vertebral column demonstrates the organized structure of the skeletal system, with specific segments serving different functions.

Definition: The vertebral column consists of the cranium, cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx.

Vocabulary: Vertebrae - The individual bones that make up the spinal column.

Highlight: Each segment of the vertebral column has unique characteristics suited to its role in supporting and protecting the body.