Media Language Theories
Binary opposites are everywhere in media - think good vs evil, rich vs poor, or love vs hate. Strauss argued that these opposing concepts help create meaning and tension in stories.
Semiotics is basically how media communicates through signs and symbols. Barthes identified different types of codes that help create meaning. Enigma codes make you ask questions (like "who's the killer?"), whilst cultural codes only make sense to specific groups (like British slang in a Hollywood film).
Semantic codes link to universal concepts - red usually means passion or danger anywhere in the world. Symbolic codes connect to specific contexts (seeing a bat symbol immediately makes you think Batman), and action codes hint at what's coming next in the story.
💡 Quick tip: When analysing any media text, look for these codes - they're the building blocks of how media creates meaning!
Genre theory suggests we enjoy films and shows because they give us familiar elements with surprising twists. Character archetypes like heroes, villains, and sidekicks appear across cultures because they work so well. Meanwhile, narrative structure typically follows five stages: balance, disruption, recognition, attempt to fix things, and new balance.











