Stop and search powers give police the right to search... Show more
Law73 views·Updated May 31, 2026·2 pagesUnderstanding Police Stop and Search Powers
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Police Powers and Legal Framework
The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) sets out exactly when police can stop and search you. They can only do this if they reasonably believe you're carrying illegal drugs, weapons, stolen goods, or items that could be used to commit crimes.
Public places are where these searches can happen - think streets, shopping centres, cinemas, and pubs. Your private home is off-limits though. The Criminal Justice Act 2003 expanded these powers to include searching for items intended to cause criminal damage.
The key protection for you is that police must have 'reasonable grounds' under Code A of PACE. This means they can't stop you just because they don't like how you look - there must be objective facts, information, or intelligence backing up their suspicion.
Remember: Police need solid reasons, not just hunches or prejudices, to justify stopping and searching you.
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The GOWISELY Procedure
Police must follow a strict procedure called GOWISELY when conducting stop and searches. Each letter represents something they must do: explain their Grounds, state the Object of the search, show their Warrant card if in plain clothes, give their Identity, name their police Station, explain you're Entitled to a search record, cite the Legal power (usually s1 PACE 1984), and inform You that you're being detained.
During questioning, you can refuse to answer questions (from Rice v Connelly), but you must remain polite (Ricketts v Cox). Clothing removal is limited to outer items like jackets, gloves, and hats under s2(9) PACE - anything more intimate must happen away from public view.
If you don't cooperate, police can use reasonable force under s117 PACE and Kenlin v Gardener, but searches should normally be conducted without force.
Top tip: Knowing the GOWISELY procedure helps you identify whether police are following proper legal requirements during a stop and search.
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Law73 views·Updated May 31, 2026·2 pagesUnderstanding Police Stop and Search Powers
Stop and search powers give police the right to search you in public places, but they can't just do it randomly. Understanding your rights and the proper procedures can help you know what to expect if you're ever stopped by... Show more
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Police Powers and Legal Framework
The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) sets out exactly when police can stop and search you. They can only do this if they reasonably believe you're carrying illegal drugs, weapons, stolen goods, or items that could be used to commit crimes.
Public places are where these searches can happen - think streets, shopping centres, cinemas, and pubs. Your private home is off-limits though. The Criminal Justice Act 2003 expanded these powers to include searching for items intended to cause criminal damage.
The key protection for you is that police must have 'reasonable grounds' under Code A of PACE. This means they can't stop you just because they don't like how you look - there must be objective facts, information, or intelligence backing up their suspicion.
Remember: Police need solid reasons, not just hunches or prejudices, to justify stopping and searching you.
2
of 2Sign up to see the content. It's free!
- Access to all documents
- Improve your grades
- Join milions of students
The GOWISELY Procedure
Police must follow a strict procedure called GOWISELY when conducting stop and searches. Each letter represents something they must do: explain their Grounds, state the Object of the search, show their Warrant card if in plain clothes, give their Identity, name their police Station, explain you're Entitled to a search record, cite the Legal power (usually s1 PACE 1984), and inform You that you're being detained.
During questioning, you can refuse to answer questions (from Rice v Connelly), but you must remain polite (Ricketts v Cox). Clothing removal is limited to outer items like jackets, gloves, and hats under s2(9) PACE - anything more intimate must happen away from public view.
If you don't cooperate, police can use reasonable force under s117 PACE and Kenlin v Gardener, but searches should normally be conducted without force.
Top tip: Knowing the GOWISELY procedure helps you identify whether police are following proper legal requirements during a stop and search.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Law
9Most popular content
9Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5App Store
4.7/5Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan SiOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha KlichAndroid user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
AnnaiOS user