The English Civil War (1642-1649) marked a pivotal conflict between Royalists and Parliamentarians, fundamentally reshaping English governance and society. This complex struggle emerged from religious tensions, power disputes, and financial controversies under King Charles I's reign, culminating in the king's execution and establishment of Cromwell's Protectorate.
Key aspects:
- Religious disputes centered around Archbishop Laud's church reforms
- Political tensions manifested in the Grand Remonstrance
- Financial conflicts arose from the controversial Ship Tax
- Major battles included Edgehill (1642), Marston Moor (1644), and Naseby (1645)
- Resulted in Parliamentary victory and establishment of the Protectorate