distinguished measles from small pox for the first time, wrote over 150 books. wrote the book "doubts about galen"

wrote a great encyclopedia of an ancient Greek and Islamic medicine known as Canon of Medicine, became the standard European medical textbook used to teach doctors in the west til the seventeenth century. it contained the medical properties of 760 different drugs and discussed anorexia and obesity 

he concluded that Galen was wrong about how the heart worked, claiming that blood circulated via the lungs, but ilsma did not allow human dissection and his books were not read in the west which meant Europeans continued to accept galens mistake til the seventeeth century.

he was Belgian and studied in Paris and learnt galens anatomy. he began to question galens opinions. He released the book "The fabric of the human body" which corrected Galens mistakes for example, the breastbone in a human has three parts not seven as in an ape. he did the dissections himself and said medical students should learn from dissections.

pare used cream on gunshot wounds instead of hot oil. His patients wounds all healed well and he wrote a book about treating wounds. Pare used ligatures and invented the "crows beak clamp" to halt bleeding. ligatures were less painful but took longer to use and could introduce infection. Pare designed false limbs for wounded soldiers. He wrote 'works on surgery' (1575). 

he was an English doctor who challenged galen by saying the blood circulated round the body. he waited 12 years before publishing "De Motu Corids" abt the circulation of the blood because he didn't know why the blood circulated or why there was different colours and he knew he'd get criticism for going against galen. People said he was mad and some doctors rejected his theory because he went against Galen. Harvey's theory was accepted by many doctors tho and 4 years later in 1661 they did it.

he wrote "the complete herbal", he used plants and astrology in his treatments. he was highly critical of bloodletting and purging.

An English doctor. he dismissed the value of dissections and ignored Harvey's discovery as it did not help in treating patients. he still used bleeding methods for treatment. he stressed the careful observation of symptoms and was critical of quack medicine. Noted the symptoms if scarlet fever and used iron for treating anemia.

he was a surgeon, he wrote "the natural history of the teeth" (1771) and "on venereal disease" (1786) and "Blood inflammation and gunshot wounds" (1794). they included his discoveries about the nature of disease, cancer, and the circulation of the blood, with recommendations such as not enlarging gunshot wounds when treating them. He founded a scientific approach to surgery.

prevented smallpox, he thought catching cowpox prevented you from getting smallpox, he tested this theory in 1796 by giving cowpox to an eight year old boy as an experiment. he gave the boy smallpox inoculation 6 weeks later and no disease followed. Jennet called his cowpox inoculation technique vaccination based on the Latin word for cow (vacca). he tested it with 16 more patients to which none caught small pox. he faced opposition when publishing his findings in 1798.

Nitrous oxide - anaesthetic - hysterical laughter and no pain

Ether - anaesthetic - dangerous (was highly flammable and caused vomiting) 

Chloroform - safe and effective anaesthetic 

Germ theory, he proved that spontaneous generation was wrong and thst germs, not chemicals, caused decay. Some doctors didn't believe him. he accidentally gave chickens immunity to cholera by giving them weakened cholera germs. pasteur had just shown how vaccines could give immunity and prevent disease.

He had the antiseptic approach, making sure everything in the operation area was clean clean British carbolic acid. He said microbes In the air caused the infection not spontaneous generation.British Germ theory, he saw pasteurs germ theory and it revolutionised surgery because of the work of Joseph lister. He was a professor of surgery in Glasgow. Lister thought that pasteurs germs theory may explain surgical infection. aseptic surgery.

he argued in favor of germ theory. he lectured on dust and disease, demonstrating the existence of tiny microbes in ordinary air. lectured British doctors on koch's discoveries.

A German doctor who applied louis pasteurs germ theory to human diseases. He was the founder of bacteriology, the study of bacteria. He discovered the microbe responsible for anthrax. had a rivalry with pasteur and gained fame for their countries throughs scientific discovery.

in 1909 he developed the first chemical cure for a disease, Salvarsan 606, which cured syphilis. (he was a former member of Koch's team) 

he linked cholera to contaminated water. there was another cholera outbreak in 1854, 20000 people died. he noted that all the victims lived near the the same water pump in Broad Street, Soho, London. He removed the pump handle so everyone had to use another one and the outbreak stopped. He later found a street toilet was leaking into the pumps water source, he suspected it was not airborne (miasma) but contagious and caught by contact with infected water.

An engineer who built a new sewer system for London. By 1866 he had built an 83-mile sewer system which remove 420 million gallons of sewage a day.

tested penicillin on 8 mice, they tested  it on a patient but they died because they ran out of penicillin. The US government agreed to pay several huge chemical companies to make millions of gallons of it. by the end of the war in 1945, Britain and the USA were working closely together and 250,000 soldiers were being treated. 

discovered blood groups so doctors knew that blood transfusions would only work if the donors blood type matched the recievers.

A Polish Scientist. She developed mobile X-ray machines. 

south African heart surgeon, carried out the first heart transplant and the patient lived for 18 days. (1967)

Medicine GCSE important people

Flashcards

Medicine GCSE important people

Flashcards