Norman Conquest and Early Legal Developments (1066-1494)
The history of crime and punishment in the UK begins with the Norman Conquest in 1066, marking a significant shift in legal practices. This period saw the evolution of trial methods and the introduction of formal law enforcement roles.
Highlight: The abolition of trial by ordeal in 1215 by the Catholic Church marked a crucial turning point in judicial processes.
In 1285, the role of constables was formally introduced, laying the groundwork for organized law enforcement. This period concluded with the Vagabonds and Beggars Act of 1494, addressing issues of vagrancy and poverty.
Definition: Constables were officers appointed to maintain public order and enforce laws at the local level.
Witchcraft and Civil Unrest (1542-1642)
The 16th and early 17th centuries saw a focus on witchcraft and vagrancy in legal matters. Key events include:
- 1542: Witchcraft Act
- 1547: Vagrancy Act
- 1597: Publication of "Demonology"
- 1604: Second Witchcraft Act
- 1605: Gunpowder Plot
- 1642: English Civil War
Example: The publication of "Demonology" by King James I in 1597 fueled witch hunts and trials across Britain.
This era was characterized by heightened fears of supernatural threats and political instability, reflected in the legal system's approach to perceived crimes against authority.
