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1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603

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Part one: consolidation of the tudor dynasty: england, 1485-1547

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Henry viii, 1485-1509

Henry VII's Foreign Policy: Essays, Treaties, and Quizlets for Kids

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Henry VII's Foreign Policy: Essays, Treaties, and Quizlets for Kids
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Erin Keeney

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Henry VII's Foreign Policy shaped England's international relations through strategic treaties and diplomatic maneuvers, focusing on national security, dynasty recognition, and trade interests.

Key aspects:

  • Managed relations with Brittany and France through the Treaty of Etaples
  • Strengthened trade through the Intercursus Magnus with Burgundy
  • Improved Scottish relations via the Treaty of Perpetual Peace
  • Enhanced commercial interests through navigation acts and trade policies
  • Secured dynastic recognition through strategic marriages and alliances

03/04/2023

751

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

View

Resolving the Breton Crisis

The conflict over Brittany was resolved through diplomatic means:

  1. England and France signed the Treaty of Etaples in 1492.
  2. The Breton Crisis was considered a success for Henry VII's foreign policy.
  3. Brittany was eventually absorbed into the French state in 1532.

Highlight: The diplomatic resolution of the Breton Crisis demonstrated Henry VII's skill in balancing military action with negotiation.

Encouraging Trade and Exploration

Henry VII took several steps to boost England's trade and exploration:

  1. He sought to break up the Hanseatic League, which dominated trade in the Netherlands.
  2. The Navigation Act of 1485-86 encouraged the use of English ships for carrying goods.
  3. An act passed in 1489 limited the export of English wool.
  4. The Intercursus Magnus of 1496 allowed English merchants greater trading rights.

Example: By the end of Henry's reign, the export of raw wool was 30% lower than in 1485, while cloth exports to Europe increased by 60% by 1509.

Henry also focused on developing trade with the New World and improving relations with Italian states:

  1. In 1490, a treaty was signed allowing English wool to be imported to Pisa.
  2. Venice, which dominated Mediterranean trade, became a target for English commercial expansion.

Vocabulary: Intercursus Magnus: A significant trade agreement that improved commercial relations between England and the Low Countries.

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

View

Relations with Burgundy, the Netherlands, and the Holy Roman Empire

Henry VII recognized the importance of maintaining good relations with these regions:

  1. Most English exports went through the Netherlands, making it crucial for trade.
  2. Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, was the sister of Richard III and posed a potential threat to Henry's rule.
  3. Henry initially wanted to stop trading to strengthen his kingship but later improved relations.

Key developments:

  • 1496: Intercursus Magnus signed, improving trade relations
  • 1506: Treaty of Windsor established, further strengthening ties
  • Philip/Maximilian agreed to hand over Edmund De La Pole, a potential rival to Henry

Highlight: These diplomatic efforts significantly improved trade overall and strengthened Henry VII's position.

Relations with Spain

Henry VII sought to establish strong ties with Spain, ruled by Ferdinand and Isabella:

  1. The Treaty of Medina Del Campo was signed, addressing mutual concerns.
  2. Ferdinand was worried about the threat of Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the English throne.
  3. The death of Prince Arthur in 1502 and Isabella's death in 1504 led to power struggles in Spain.
  4. Henry sided with Joanna (Ferdinand's daughter) and her husband Philip of Burgundy.
  5. The Treaty of Windsor in 1506 further solidified relations.

Example: When Philip died in 1506, Ferdinand regained control, leaving Henry somewhat isolated. This demonstrates the fluid nature of alliances in European politics during this period.

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

View

Relations with Scotland

Henry VII's approach to Scotland evolved over time:

  1. 1485-1495: Relations were tense between England and Scotland.
  2. 1485: Henry signed a 3-year truce with the Scots.
  3. 1488: James III of Scotland was assassinated, and James IV (aged 15) succeeded him.
  4. Scotland initially supported Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the English throne.
  5. 1497: The Truce of Ayton was signed, improving relations.
  6. 1502: The Treaty of Perpetual Peace was established, granting James IV marriage to Henry's daughter Margaret.

Highlight: The marriage alliance between Scotland and England was a significant diplomatic achievement for Henry VII, aiming to secure long-term peace between the two kingdoms.

Ireland

Henry VII's control in Ireland was limited:

  1. His power mainly extended to the areas surrounding Dublin.
  2. The Earl of Kildare served as Lord Deputy of Ireland since 1477.
  3. Henry feared Kildare's influence and sought to assert more direct control.
  4. He used Englishmen to govern Ireland, finding the Irish aristocracy unreliable.
  5. Henry made his son, Prince Henry, Lieutenant of Ireland, with Sir Edward Poynings as his deputy.
  6. The Poynings' Law of 1495 increased English control over the Irish parliament.

Definition: Poynings' Law: A statute that required all Irish legislation to be approved by the English monarch and council before being passed in Ireland.

By 1500, Henry had achieved a relatively inexpensive peace in Ireland, with support for Yorkist claimants diminishing.

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

View

Treaties and Truces in Henry VII's Foreign Policy

Understanding the difference:

  • Treaty: A permanent, long-term agreement
  • Truce: A short-term suspension of hostilities

Key treaties and truces during Henry VII's reign:

  1. Treaty of Redon (February 1489):

    • Signed between Henry VII and representatives of Brittany
    • Henry sent 6,000 English troops under Lord Daubeney's command

  2. Treaty of Etaples (1492):

    • Ended the English invasion of France
    • France agreed to expel Perkin Warbeck and pay England an indemnity of £159,000
    • England accepted French control of Brittany
    • France withdrew support for Warbeck
    • War indemnity of 745,000 crowns, payable at 50,000 crowns per annum

  3. Treaty of Medina del Campo (1489):

    • Established an alliance between England and Spain
    • Addressed mutual concerns, including the threat of Perkin Warbeck

Quote: "The Treaty of Etaples was ratified in December, marking a significant diplomatic success for Henry VII in his dealings with France."

These treaties and truces played a crucial role in shaping Henry VII's foreign policy, helping to secure England's position in Europe and protect its interests abroad.

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

View

Conclusion: Evaluating Henry VII's Foreign Policy

Henry VII's foreign policy achievements:

  1. Successfully navigated the Breton Crisis, balancing military action with diplomacy
  2. Improved trade relations through strategic agreements like the Intercursus Magnus
  3. Established alliances with major European powers, including Spain and Scotland
  4. Stabilized relations with Ireland through a combination of force and negotiation
  5. Secured favorable treaties that protected English interests and strengthened the Tudor dynasty

Highlight: Henry VII's foreign policy was characterized by a pragmatic approach that prioritized England's security and economic interests while avoiding costly wars.

Challenges and limitations:

  1. Occasional isolation, such as after the death of Philip of Burgundy
  2. Ongoing threats from pretenders like Perkin Warbeck
  3. Limited control over Ireland beyond the Pale

Overall, Henry VII's foreign policy can be considered largely successful in achieving its main aims of national security, dynastic recognition, and trade protection. His diplomatic skills and strategic thinking laid a strong foundation for England's future role in European affairs.

Example: The marriage alliance with Scotland, formalized in the Treaty of Perpetual Peace, demonstrated Henry's long-term vision for stability and peace on the British Isles.

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

View

Commercial Treaties and Trade Relations

The period saw significant development in commercial diplomacy and trade agreements.

Highlight: The Treaty of Windsor included both political and commercial provisions, including extradition agreements and marriage arrangements.

Example: The Malus Intercursus demonstrated how unexpected events (Philip's shipwreck) could influence diplomatic relations.

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

View

Henry VII's Foreign Policy Aims

Henry VII's foreign policy was driven by three main objectives:

  1. Ensuring national security for England
  2. Gaining recognition for the Tudor dynasty
  3. Defending English trading interests

These aims shaped his approach to international relations throughout his reign.

Highlight: Henry VII's primary focus was on strengthening England's position both militarily and economically.

The Breton Crisis

The situation in Brittany, an independent area in France, became a concern for Henry VII when France invaded in 1487. This alarmed Henry because:

  • If France gained control of Brittany, England's south coast would be militarily vulnerable
  • Calais would be at greater risk
  • Trade could be disrupted

Henry felt obligated to help Brittany after they had sheltered him previously. This led to the Treaty of Redon in February 1489, where:

  • The Duchess Anne of Brittany paid for a small English force to defend Brittany
  • Parliament granted £100,000 to finance the force
  • Henry increased troops to 12,000

Example: The English army crossed the Channel in April 1489, with Henry aiming to defend Brittany rather than engage in full-scale war with France.

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Subjects

/

History

/

1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603

/

Part one: consolidation of the tudor dynasty: england, 1485-1547

/

Henry viii, 1485-1509

Henry VII's Foreign Policy: Essays, Treaties, and Quizlets for Kids

user profile picture

Erin Keeney

@erinkeeney_eqra

·

27 Followers

Follow

Henry VII's Foreign Policy shaped England's international relations through strategic treaties and diplomatic maneuvers, focusing on national security, dynasty recognition, and trade interests.

Key aspects:

  • Managed relations with Brittany and France through the Treaty of Etaples
  • Strengthened trade through the Intercursus Magnus with Burgundy
  • Improved Scottish relations via the Treaty of Perpetual Peace
  • Enhanced commercial interests through navigation acts and trade policies
  • Secured dynastic recognition through strategic marriages and alliances

03/04/2023

751

 

12/13

 

History

35

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

Resolving the Breton Crisis

The conflict over Brittany was resolved through diplomatic means:

  1. England and France signed the Treaty of Etaples in 1492.
  2. The Breton Crisis was considered a success for Henry VII's foreign policy.
  3. Brittany was eventually absorbed into the French state in 1532.

Highlight: The diplomatic resolution of the Breton Crisis demonstrated Henry VII's skill in balancing military action with negotiation.

Encouraging Trade and Exploration

Henry VII took several steps to boost England's trade and exploration:

  1. He sought to break up the Hanseatic League, which dominated trade in the Netherlands.
  2. The Navigation Act of 1485-86 encouraged the use of English ships for carrying goods.
  3. An act passed in 1489 limited the export of English wool.
  4. The Intercursus Magnus of 1496 allowed English merchants greater trading rights.

Example: By the end of Henry's reign, the export of raw wool was 30% lower than in 1485, while cloth exports to Europe increased by 60% by 1509.

Henry also focused on developing trade with the New World and improving relations with Italian states:

  1. In 1490, a treaty was signed allowing English wool to be imported to Pisa.
  2. Venice, which dominated Mediterranean trade, became a target for English commercial expansion.

Vocabulary: Intercursus Magnus: A significant trade agreement that improved commercial relations between England and the Low Countries.

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

Relations with Burgundy, the Netherlands, and the Holy Roman Empire

Henry VII recognized the importance of maintaining good relations with these regions:

  1. Most English exports went through the Netherlands, making it crucial for trade.
  2. Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, was the sister of Richard III and posed a potential threat to Henry's rule.
  3. Henry initially wanted to stop trading to strengthen his kingship but later improved relations.

Key developments:

  • 1496: Intercursus Magnus signed, improving trade relations
  • 1506: Treaty of Windsor established, further strengthening ties
  • Philip/Maximilian agreed to hand over Edmund De La Pole, a potential rival to Henry

Highlight: These diplomatic efforts significantly improved trade overall and strengthened Henry VII's position.

Relations with Spain

Henry VII sought to establish strong ties with Spain, ruled by Ferdinand and Isabella:

  1. The Treaty of Medina Del Campo was signed, addressing mutual concerns.
  2. Ferdinand was worried about the threat of Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the English throne.
  3. The death of Prince Arthur in 1502 and Isabella's death in 1504 led to power struggles in Spain.
  4. Henry sided with Joanna (Ferdinand's daughter) and her husband Philip of Burgundy.
  5. The Treaty of Windsor in 1506 further solidified relations.

Example: When Philip died in 1506, Ferdinand regained control, leaving Henry somewhat isolated. This demonstrates the fluid nature of alliances in European politics during this period.

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

Relations with Scotland

Henry VII's approach to Scotland evolved over time:

  1. 1485-1495: Relations were tense between England and Scotland.
  2. 1485: Henry signed a 3-year truce with the Scots.
  3. 1488: James III of Scotland was assassinated, and James IV (aged 15) succeeded him.
  4. Scotland initially supported Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the English throne.
  5. 1497: The Truce of Ayton was signed, improving relations.
  6. 1502: The Treaty of Perpetual Peace was established, granting James IV marriage to Henry's daughter Margaret.

Highlight: The marriage alliance between Scotland and England was a significant diplomatic achievement for Henry VII, aiming to secure long-term peace between the two kingdoms.

Ireland

Henry VII's control in Ireland was limited:

  1. His power mainly extended to the areas surrounding Dublin.
  2. The Earl of Kildare served as Lord Deputy of Ireland since 1477.
  3. Henry feared Kildare's influence and sought to assert more direct control.
  4. He used Englishmen to govern Ireland, finding the Irish aristocracy unreliable.
  5. Henry made his son, Prince Henry, Lieutenant of Ireland, with Sir Edward Poynings as his deputy.
  6. The Poynings' Law of 1495 increased English control over the Irish parliament.

Definition: Poynings' Law: A statute that required all Irish legislation to be approved by the English monarch and council before being passed in Ireland.

By 1500, Henry had achieved a relatively inexpensive peace in Ireland, with support for Yorkist claimants diminishing.

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

Treaties and Truces in Henry VII's Foreign Policy

Understanding the difference:

  • Treaty: A permanent, long-term agreement
  • Truce: A short-term suspension of hostilities

Key treaties and truces during Henry VII's reign:

  1. Treaty of Redon (February 1489):

    • Signed between Henry VII and representatives of Brittany
    • Henry sent 6,000 English troops under Lord Daubeney's command

  2. Treaty of Etaples (1492):

    • Ended the English invasion of France
    • France agreed to expel Perkin Warbeck and pay England an indemnity of £159,000
    • England accepted French control of Brittany
    • France withdrew support for Warbeck
    • War indemnity of 745,000 crowns, payable at 50,000 crowns per annum

  3. Treaty of Medina del Campo (1489):

    • Established an alliance between England and Spain
    • Addressed mutual concerns, including the threat of Perkin Warbeck

Quote: "The Treaty of Etaples was ratified in December, marking a significant diplomatic success for Henry VII in his dealings with France."

These treaties and truces played a crucial role in shaping Henry VII's foreign policy, helping to secure England's position in Europe and protect its interests abroad.

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

Conclusion: Evaluating Henry VII's Foreign Policy

Henry VII's foreign policy achievements:

  1. Successfully navigated the Breton Crisis, balancing military action with diplomacy
  2. Improved trade relations through strategic agreements like the Intercursus Magnus
  3. Established alliances with major European powers, including Spain and Scotland
  4. Stabilized relations with Ireland through a combination of force and negotiation
  5. Secured favorable treaties that protected English interests and strengthened the Tudor dynasty

Highlight: Henry VII's foreign policy was characterized by a pragmatic approach that prioritized England's security and economic interests while avoiding costly wars.

Challenges and limitations:

  1. Occasional isolation, such as after the death of Philip of Burgundy
  2. Ongoing threats from pretenders like Perkin Warbeck
  3. Limited control over Ireland beyond the Pale

Overall, Henry VII's foreign policy can be considered largely successful in achieving its main aims of national security, dynastic recognition, and trade protection. His diplomatic skills and strategic thinking laid a strong foundation for England's future role in European affairs.

Example: The marriage alliance with Scotland, formalized in the Treaty of Perpetual Peace, demonstrated Henry's long-term vision for stability and peace on the British Isles.

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

Commercial Treaties and Trade Relations

The period saw significant development in commercial diplomacy and trade agreements.

Highlight: The Treaty of Windsor included both political and commercial provisions, including extradition agreements and marriage arrangements.

Example: The Malus Intercursus demonstrated how unexpected events (Philip's shipwreck) could influence diplomatic relations.

112 521017 +10eme Henry VII - Foreign Policy revision. IH SEEI nig? Henry Vil main aims • National security. SIN JUIST • Recognition of Tudo

Henry VII's Foreign Policy Aims

Henry VII's foreign policy was driven by three main objectives:

  1. Ensuring national security for England
  2. Gaining recognition for the Tudor dynasty
  3. Defending English trading interests

These aims shaped his approach to international relations throughout his reign.

Highlight: Henry VII's primary focus was on strengthening England's position both militarily and economically.

The Breton Crisis

The situation in Brittany, an independent area in France, became a concern for Henry VII when France invaded in 1487. This alarmed Henry because:

  • If France gained control of Brittany, England's south coast would be militarily vulnerable
  • Calais would be at greater risk
  • Trade could be disrupted

Henry felt obligated to help Brittany after they had sheltered him previously. This led to the Treaty of Redon in February 1489, where:

  • The Duchess Anne of Brittany paid for a small English force to defend Brittany
  • Parliament granted £100,000 to finance the force
  • Henry increased troops to 12,000

Example: The English army crossed the Channel in April 1489, with Henry aiming to defend Brittany rather than engage in full-scale war with France.

Similar content

History - Henry VII - Introduction/Background

all the fundermental information to understand Henry VII

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Know Henry VII - Introduction/Background thumbnail

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a basic outline of henry’s foreign policy up until wolsey’s downfall

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History - Henry VII Foreign Policy Timeline

Timeline of events relating to Henry VII’s foreign policy.

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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average app rating

15 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 12 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.