The Civil Rights Movement in America saw significant progress from... Show more
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
7
0
GCSE History America 1920's
655
•
3 Jul 2025
•
How Jim Crow Laws Changed America and the Brave Heroes Who Fought Back
T
Tom
@tom_yaop
Civil Rights Organizations and Legislation
The 1960s saw the emergence of various civil rights organizations with different approaches to achieving racial equality. The Nation of Islam, founded in 1930, advocated for a separate black state to ensure equality for African Americans. The Black Panthers, playing a crucial role in the civil rights movement, was founded in 1966 as a militant organization rejecting non-violent ideals.
Definition: Black Power: A movement promoting self-reliance and the use of violence for self-defense, as advocated by groups like SNCC under Stokely Carmichael's leadership.
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Congress of Racial Equality also played significant roles in the movement, with CORE initially embracing non-violent approaches before shifting to more radical methods.
Highlight: The Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act's significance cannot be overstated. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made discrimination in housing and employment illegal, while the Voting Rights Act of 1965 allowed government agents to inspect voting procedures to ensure fairness.
Kennedy's New Frontier program aimed to address social and economic issues through increased funding for education, tax cuts, job creation initiatives, and improvements in social security. These efforts laid the groundwork for further progress under Johnson's administration.
Johnson's Great Society and Economic Progress
President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society program built upon Kennedy's initiatives, introducing a range of measures to combat poverty and improve living conditions for all Americans, particularly minorities.
Example: The 'Operation Head Start' program provided funding to poor schools in cities and supported artists and galleries.
The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 offered training to disadvantaged youths aged 16-21, while the Model Cities Act of 1965 focused on clearing inner-city slums. These initiatives, combined with increases in minimum wage and other social programs, led to a significant reduction in poverty rates among African Americans.
Highlight: The poverty rate among African Americans dropped from 56% in 1959 to 32% in 1969, demonstrating the tangible impact of these social and economic policies.
The Great Society programs, along with the civil rights legislation of the 1960s, marked a period of substantial progress in addressing racial and economic inequalities in America. However, challenges remained, and the struggle for full equality and social justice continued beyond this era.
Racial Tensions and Civil Rights Movement
The period from 1863 to the 1960s saw a tumultuous journey towards racial equality in America. The abolition of slavery in 1863 was followed by the implementation of Jim Crow laws in the 1870s, which institutionalized racial segregation. The early 20th century witnessed a surge in racial violence, with 300 lynchings occurring between 1919 and 1924, and the Ku Klux Klan reaching a membership of 4.5 million by 1924.
Highlight: The Brown v. Board of Education case in 1954 marked a significant turning point, using non-violent legal means to challenge segregation in education.
The Little Rock incident of 1957 further highlighted the challenges of school integration, requiring police escorts for nine black students attending a newly integrated school. The Montgomery Bus Boycott, sparked by Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat, gained massive media attention and led to the formation of the Montgomery Improvement Association .
Quote: "Bus companies lost 60% of income, and in December 1956, the Supreme Court ruled segregation laws unconstitutional - a Civil Rights Victory!"
The Greensboro Sit-ins, inspired by the Montgomery Bus Boycotts, spread across the country and sparked national desegregation efforts. The Freedom Rides of 1960 tested new laws against segregation on interstate buses, facing both verbal and physical abuse but gaining crucial media attention and inspiring more similar actions.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
How Jim Crow Laws Changed America and the Brave Heroes Who Fought Back
T
Tom
@tom_yaop
The Civil Rights Movement in America saw significant progress from the 1950s to 1960s, marked by key events and legislation that addressed racial discrimination and inequality. The impact of Jim Crow laws on racial tensions in Americawas profound, leading... Show more
Civil Rights Organizations and Legislation
The 1960s saw the emergence of various civil rights organizations with different approaches to achieving racial equality. The Nation of Islam, founded in 1930, advocated for a separate black state to ensure equality for African Americans. The Black Panthers, playing a crucial role in the civil rights movement, was founded in 1966 as a militant organization rejecting non-violent ideals.
Definition: Black Power: A movement promoting self-reliance and the use of violence for self-defense, as advocated by groups like SNCC under Stokely Carmichael's leadership.
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Congress of Racial Equality also played significant roles in the movement, with CORE initially embracing non-violent approaches before shifting to more radical methods.
Highlight: The Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act's significance cannot be overstated. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made discrimination in housing and employment illegal, while the Voting Rights Act of 1965 allowed government agents to inspect voting procedures to ensure fairness.
Kennedy's New Frontier program aimed to address social and economic issues through increased funding for education, tax cuts, job creation initiatives, and improvements in social security. These efforts laid the groundwork for further progress under Johnson's administration.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Johnson's Great Society and Economic Progress
President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society program built upon Kennedy's initiatives, introducing a range of measures to combat poverty and improve living conditions for all Americans, particularly minorities.
Example: The 'Operation Head Start' program provided funding to poor schools in cities and supported artists and galleries.
The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 offered training to disadvantaged youths aged 16-21, while the Model Cities Act of 1965 focused on clearing inner-city slums. These initiatives, combined with increases in minimum wage and other social programs, led to a significant reduction in poverty rates among African Americans.
Highlight: The poverty rate among African Americans dropped from 56% in 1959 to 32% in 1969, demonstrating the tangible impact of these social and economic policies.
The Great Society programs, along with the civil rights legislation of the 1960s, marked a period of substantial progress in addressing racial and economic inequalities in America. However, challenges remained, and the struggle for full equality and social justice continued beyond this era.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Racial Tensions and Civil Rights Movement
The period from 1863 to the 1960s saw a tumultuous journey towards racial equality in America. The abolition of slavery in 1863 was followed by the implementation of Jim Crow laws in the 1870s, which institutionalized racial segregation. The early 20th century witnessed a surge in racial violence, with 300 lynchings occurring between 1919 and 1924, and the Ku Klux Klan reaching a membership of 4.5 million by 1924.
Highlight: The Brown v. Board of Education case in 1954 marked a significant turning point, using non-violent legal means to challenge segregation in education.
The Little Rock incident of 1957 further highlighted the challenges of school integration, requiring police escorts for nine black students attending a newly integrated school. The Montgomery Bus Boycott, sparked by Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat, gained massive media attention and led to the formation of the Montgomery Improvement Association .
Quote: "Bus companies lost 60% of income, and in December 1956, the Supreme Court ruled segregation laws unconstitutional - a Civil Rights Victory!"
The Greensboro Sit-ins, inspired by the Montgomery Bus Boycotts, spread across the country and sparked national desegregation efforts. The Freedom Rides of 1960 tested new laws against segregation on interstate buses, facing both verbal and physical abuse but gaining crucial media attention and inspiring more similar actions.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user