Subjects
Maths
Chemistry
Biology
English Language
History
Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
Show all topics
History
8 Dec 2025
419
4 pages
Freya J. @notfreyalol
Ever wondered how crime and punishment have changed throughout British history? From medieval times when stealing 12 pence... Show more
Back in medieval times, there were no police officers patrolling the streets - instead, everyone in the community had to help catch criminals! If someone spotted a crime, they'd raise a hue and cry, and everyone nearby was legally required to chase after the suspect or face a fine.
Punishments were brutal but simple. For petty crimes like bad trading or scolding, you'd face public humiliation in the stocks, pillory, or on a cucking stool (where women were dunked in rivers!). But serious crimes meant death - usually by hanging, though traitors faced the horrific punishment of being hanged, drawn and quartered.
The king's peace meant everyone had a duty to maintain order. Medieval juries were surprisingly lenient though, often because they knew the harsh punishments were way too severe for minor crimes. Most court cases lasted just 20 minutes, and jurors used their personal knowledge of the accused to make decisions.
Did you know? After the Black Death killed half the population in 1348, vagrancy became a major problem. Workers couldn't leave their area without permission, and new crimes like "scolding" (arguing women) and counterfeiting coins emerged as treason!
The period from 1500-1750 saw crime become much more organised and punishments even harsher. Highway robbery became a real threat as roads improved and people travelled more, carrying money and goods since banks didn't exist yet. These weren't romantic gentleman thieves - they were brutal thugs who attacked vulnerable travellers on remote, badly-lit roads.
Smuggling exploded after 1720 when import duties rose by 30%. Respectable people and poor families alike secretly brought in tobacco, silk, tea and brandy to avoid paying taxes. Some smugglers earned more in one night than honest workers made in a week!
The infamous Bloody Code (1688-1820) made over 200 crimes punishable by death, including poaching deer or rabbits. However, judges often refused to sentence people to hang for minor offences, so punishments like whipping, branding and public humiliation in the stocks became more common.
Witchcraft trials peaked during famines and the English Civil War as people looked for someone to blame. Scientific thinking during the Enlightenment eventually reduced these trials, but not before hundreds of innocent people (mostly women) were executed.
Fascinating fact Bridewells were the first proper prisons where inmates were forced to work. If they refused, they faced punishment - this was the beginning of the idea that criminals should be reformed, not just punished!
The industrial revolution brought massive changes to crime and punishment. Sir Robert Peel created Britain's first proper police force in 1824 - 3,000 "Peelers" in dark blue uniforms, armed only with truncheons. Their main job was preventing crime, especially the rising theft and violence in growing industrial cities.
Transportation replaced many death sentences. Criminals were shipped first to America, then Australia after 1776. The harsh conditions of the journey and penal colonies came under criticism by the 1830s as people developed more humanitarian views influenced by the Enlightenment.
Prison reform became a major movement thanks to John Howard and Elizabeth Fry. Howard's book "The State of the Prisons" (1777) exposed terrible conditions, while Fry reformed women's prisons. The separate and silent systems were introduced - prisoners were either isolated completely or could work together but not speak.
New technology revolutionised detective work. Fingerprinting (1897), the telegraph (1867), and crime scene photography (1880s) helped the newly formed Criminal Investigation Department (CID) solve cases more effectively.
Crime fact Most industrial-era crime was opportunistic and committed by first-time offenders. Only 10% of crimes involved violence, and murder rates were actually quite low despite what "Penny Dreadfuls" (sensational crime newspapers) suggested!
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Freya J.
@notfreyalol
Ever wondered how crime and punishment have changed throughout British history? From medieval times when stealing 12 pence could get you hanged, to today's digital tags and cyber crime units, the way we deal with lawbreakers has completely transformed. This... Show more
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Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Back in medieval times, there were no police officers patrolling the streets - instead, everyone in the community had to help catch criminals! If someone spotted a crime, they'd raise a hue and cry, and everyone nearby was legally required to chase after the suspect or face a fine.
Punishments were brutal but simple. For petty crimes like bad trading or scolding, you'd face public humiliation in the stocks, pillory, or on a cucking stool (where women were dunked in rivers!). But serious crimes meant death - usually by hanging, though traitors faced the horrific punishment of being hanged, drawn and quartered.
The king's peace meant everyone had a duty to maintain order. Medieval juries were surprisingly lenient though, often because they knew the harsh punishments were way too severe for minor crimes. Most court cases lasted just 20 minutes, and jurors used their personal knowledge of the accused to make decisions.
Did you know? After the Black Death killed half the population in 1348, vagrancy became a major problem. Workers couldn't leave their area without permission, and new crimes like "scolding" (arguing women) and counterfeiting coins emerged as treason!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The period from 1500-1750 saw crime become much more organised and punishments even harsher. Highway robbery became a real threat as roads improved and people travelled more, carrying money and goods since banks didn't exist yet. These weren't romantic gentleman thieves - they were brutal thugs who attacked vulnerable travellers on remote, badly-lit roads.
Smuggling exploded after 1720 when import duties rose by 30%. Respectable people and poor families alike secretly brought in tobacco, silk, tea and brandy to avoid paying taxes. Some smugglers earned more in one night than honest workers made in a week!
The infamous Bloody Code (1688-1820) made over 200 crimes punishable by death, including poaching deer or rabbits. However, judges often refused to sentence people to hang for minor offences, so punishments like whipping, branding and public humiliation in the stocks became more common.
Witchcraft trials peaked during famines and the English Civil War as people looked for someone to blame. Scientific thinking during the Enlightenment eventually reduced these trials, but not before hundreds of innocent people (mostly women) were executed.
Fascinating fact: Bridewells were the first proper prisons where inmates were forced to work. If they refused, they faced punishment - this was the beginning of the idea that criminals should be reformed, not just punished!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The industrial revolution brought massive changes to crime and punishment. Sir Robert Peel created Britain's first proper police force in 1824 - 3,000 "Peelers" in dark blue uniforms, armed only with truncheons. Their main job was preventing crime, especially the rising theft and violence in growing industrial cities.
Transportation replaced many death sentences. Criminals were shipped first to America, then Australia after 1776. The harsh conditions of the journey and penal colonies came under criticism by the 1830s as people developed more humanitarian views influenced by the Enlightenment.
Prison reform became a major movement thanks to John Howard and Elizabeth Fry. Howard's book "The State of the Prisons" (1777) exposed terrible conditions, while Fry reformed women's prisons. The separate and silent systems were introduced - prisoners were either isolated completely or could work together but not speak.
New technology revolutionised detective work. Fingerprinting (1897), the telegraph (1867), and crime scene photography (1880s) helped the newly formed Criminal Investigation Department (CID) solve cases more effectively.
Crime fact: Most industrial-era crime was opportunistic and committed by first-time offenders. Only 10% of crimes involved violence, and murder rates were actually quite low despite what "Penny Dreadfuls" (sensational crime newspapers) suggested!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
6
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Quotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology