Maths
Chemistry
Biology
English Language
History
Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
Show all topics
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
Show all topics
History
4 Dec 2025
319
3 pages
Ahriana Brennan @ahrianaaaaa
Ever wondered how the government first started helping ordinary people with things like free school meals and pensions?... Show more
The Liberals recognised that helping children was crucial since they were "the future building blocks of society." Their approach was revolutionary for its time, but came with significant limitations.
The Education (Provision of Meals) Act 1906 allowed local authorities to provide free school meals by raising local taxes. This was brilliant in theory - hungry kids could finally concentrate in lessons! However, the act wasn't compulsory, so many areas simply ignored it, leaving loads of children still going hungry.
Medical inspections became mandatory in 1907, which sounds fantastic until you realise they could diagnose problems but couldn't afford to treat them. Imagine being told you're ill but getting no help to fix it - pretty frustrating!
The Children's Charter did make real improvements by banning alcohol and cigarette sales to kids, plus creating separate youth prisons called borstals. Still, it didn't tackle why children were committing crimes in the first place.
Quick Fact These reforms were the first time the government took direct responsibility for children's welfare, marking a massive shift from Victorian attitudes.
The Old Age Pensions Act 1908 was genuinely life-changing for many elderly people. Those over 70 received 1-5 shillings weekly from the Post Office, with grateful recipients saying "thank God for Lloyd George!" This meant elderly people weren't just burdens on their families anymore - they could actually contribute household income.
But here's the catch the pension was below Rowntree's recommended poverty line of 7 shillings, and you had to reach 70 to qualify. In 1908, that was pretty optimistic life expectancy!
National Insurance Act Part 1 (1911) tackled illness through a contributory scheme. Workers paid 4 pence weekly, employers paid 3 pence, and the government added 2 pence - giving workers 9 pence value for their 4 pence contribution. Brilliant deal, right?
The system worked well initially, providing income for sick workers. However, after 26 weeks of illness, you were on your own - hardly ideal for serious long-term conditions. Plus, some families saw it as an unwelcome pay cut when money was already tight.
Reality Check These schemes helped millions but often fell short of solving the deeper problems of poverty and inadequate wages.
National Insurance Act Part 2 provided 7 shillings weekly for up to 15 weeks to unemployed workers. This was revolutionary - the government actually giving money to jobless families to prevent poverty!
The major flaw? It only covered certain industries like building and construction. If you worked elsewhere and lost your job, tough luck. This left massive gaps in coverage when unemployment was such a widespread problem.
The Trade Boards Act 1909 established minimum wages in "sweated industries" where workers faced terrible conditions and pay. For those covered, it genuinely improved living standards and helped workers escape poverty.
Again though, many trades were left out entirely, so whilst some workers celebrated better wages, others remained stuck in poverty-level jobs.
Overall Assessment The Liberal reforms were groundbreaking but imperfect. They successfully helped many children, elderly, and workers, creating the foundation for our modern welfare state. However, their limited coverage and inadequate funding meant poverty persisted for many British people.
Historical Impact These reforms represented the first major government intervention in social welfare, completely changing the relationship between state and citizen in Britain.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Ahriana Brennan
@ahrianaaaaa
Ever wondered how the government first started helping ordinary people with things like free school meals and pensions? Between 1906-1914, the Liberal government introduced groundbreaking social reforms that would lay the foundation for our modern welfare system, tackling poverty among... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Liberals recognised that helping children was crucial since they were "the future building blocks of society." Their approach was revolutionary for its time, but came with significant limitations.
The Education (Provision of Meals) Act 1906 allowed local authorities to provide free school meals by raising local taxes. This was brilliant in theory - hungry kids could finally concentrate in lessons! However, the act wasn't compulsory, so many areas simply ignored it, leaving loads of children still going hungry.
Medical inspections became mandatory in 1907, which sounds fantastic until you realise they could diagnose problems but couldn't afford to treat them. Imagine being told you're ill but getting no help to fix it - pretty frustrating!
The Children's Charter did make real improvements by banning alcohol and cigarette sales to kids, plus creating separate youth prisons called borstals. Still, it didn't tackle why children were committing crimes in the first place.
Quick Fact: These reforms were the first time the government took direct responsibility for children's welfare, marking a massive shift from Victorian attitudes.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Old Age Pensions Act 1908 was genuinely life-changing for many elderly people. Those over 70 received 1-5 shillings weekly from the Post Office, with grateful recipients saying "thank God for Lloyd George!" This meant elderly people weren't just burdens on their families anymore - they could actually contribute household income.
But here's the catch: the pension was below Rowntree's recommended poverty line of 7 shillings, and you had to reach 70 to qualify. In 1908, that was pretty optimistic life expectancy!
National Insurance Act Part 1 (1911) tackled illness through a contributory scheme. Workers paid 4 pence weekly, employers paid 3 pence, and the government added 2 pence - giving workers 9 pence value for their 4 pence contribution. Brilliant deal, right?
The system worked well initially, providing income for sick workers. However, after 26 weeks of illness, you were on your own - hardly ideal for serious long-term conditions. Plus, some families saw it as an unwelcome pay cut when money was already tight.
Reality Check: These schemes helped millions but often fell short of solving the deeper problems of poverty and inadequate wages.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
National Insurance Act Part 2 provided 7 shillings weekly for up to 15 weeks to unemployed workers. This was revolutionary - the government actually giving money to jobless families to prevent poverty!
The major flaw? It only covered certain industries like building and construction. If you worked elsewhere and lost your job, tough luck. This left massive gaps in coverage when unemployment was such a widespread problem.
The Trade Boards Act 1909 established minimum wages in "sweated industries" where workers faced terrible conditions and pay. For those covered, it genuinely improved living standards and helped workers escape poverty.
Again though, many trades were left out entirely, so whilst some workers celebrated better wages, others remained stuck in poverty-level jobs.
Overall Assessment: The Liberal reforms were groundbreaking but imperfect. They successfully helped many children, elderly, and workers, creating the foundation for our modern welfare state. However, their limited coverage and inadequate funding meant poverty persisted for many British people.
Historical Impact: These reforms represented the first major government intervention in social welfare, completely changing the relationship between state and citizen in Britain.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
4
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Quotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology