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or examine Rebecca can include a (CT) computed tomography, (MRI) Magnetic resonance imaging, or an x-ray. These procedures will all be useful when diagnosing Rebecca and examining her spine that was fractured. Before these procedures are done Rebeccas breathing may have to be checked incase of a diaphram injury. Rebecca may also have a physical scan or examination of her spine, she will be kept in a back brace to protect her spine and prevent further issues or spine injuries. During a CT scan the tools that may be needed is a filter; the filter is put between the patient and the x-ray. A rotating x-ray tube and detectors are used to measure different body tissues. The next diagnostic procedure that may be used for Rebecca is an x-ray. X-rays will produce images of the inside of the body, which will help show Rebeccas fracture. However the xray cannot diagnose paraplegia on its own, only if compared or used with another diagnostic procedure. MRI scan will introduce strong images of the individuals body due to its magnetic fields. During an MRI scan the individual will lay on a tube that will pass through magnets that will detect organs and bones. Rebecca may also have a reading age test to determine her intellectual ability, this will benefit Rebecca as it will show whether or not she may need extra support with reading. A radiologist technologist are usually between 5 GCSES ranging from grade A-C, which include the main subjects of English, maths and science GCSE. They also are required to have at least 2/3 A- levels. Someone wanting to become a radiologist will also need to have a degree approved or accepted by the health and social care professionals' council (HCPC). Rebeccas paraplegia has since caused her to attend a school for those with additional needs. This has had a positive impact on Rebecca due to her being able to get the support she needs, while also helping Rebeccas self-esteem as she can become more involved in school activities and with her classmates. Rebecca will require 1-1 support this will enable her to feel confident in continuing to learn and to improve her knowledge overall. On the other hand this can have a negative impact on Rebecca because when she grows up she may still struggle to alter to another or new environment. A physiotherapist proffesional background involves helping patients with certain physical disabilities. A physiotherapist will be invovled to support Rebecca in completing daily tasks that her injury has restricted her from doing. A Physiotherapist will require the following qualifications: a minimum of 5 gcse's with passes at at least grace C/Lvl 4/+with maths, English and science. They will also need a qualifying physiotherapy degree and must be registered with the HCPC. Physiotherapists must have relevant experience in the field they are going to work in and must be in relevance with diagnosis. Ben Grace: Ben Grace 52 has Down syndrome and type 2 diabetes, he also has a learning age of 8 and requires extra support with daily living tasks. Down syndrome is a genetic condition which is caused by an individual having an extra chromosome while the mother is in conception. Down syndrome is between mild and moderate due to a persons intellectual disability and a persons facial features. Ben also has type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is a disorder from insulin and the persosn metabolism. Diabetes has two different types. Type 1 and type 2. Type 2 diabetes can cuase level of sugar in a persons blood o become high. Type 2 diabetes may develop over time when the indivduals body becomes resitant to insulin. Type 2 diabetes affects the way a persons body accepts glucose (sugar). Diagnostic procedures that may be invovled to diagnose down syndrome and type 2 diabetes. A mother may have screening tests to show the likelihood of an indivdual having down syndroome. Screening tests do not diagnose for certain but show whethere the mothers child may have down syndrome. This test is usaully a part of a mothers pregancny routine for prenatal care. Screening tests only show the risk not a full answer, they however help to make further decisions eaiser. During a screen test a blood test is done. The blood test will help weigh the risk of pregnancy plasma protein, and pregnancy hormone (human chorionic). During this test if the levels of human chorionic or plasma protein is irregular this could show a sign that something is not right with the baby. CVS: chronic villius sampling: During cvs cells are removed from the placenta and are then tested for foetal chromosomes. Usually done between 10-13 weeks of a womens pregnancy. The tools/equipment used during CVS include a small and thin tube that is then connected to a syringe. Which is then placed into the vagina/cervix then is moved through to the placenta. Aminocentis: During this procedure aminotoic fluid is drawn through with a needle. This fluid surrounds the baby during pregancy which is then put into the womens uterus. The amniotic fluid is then used to help identify and analyse the chromoseoms in the foetus. The tools that are usued during this test include a spinal needle (used if fluid is a lot), sterile syringes (gathers aminotic fluid). When the mother has givne birth, down sydrome is usually diagnosed based on the child's appearance e.g. facial features, or movement. Ben can have assessments done for him to determine if his down syndrome is severe or not. When Ben has an assessment done, this will help him, and his family realise what support he may need. Ben also has type 2 diabetes. This is usually identified with the (A1C) test. This is a glycated haemoglobin test which is a type of blood test that is used to show a person's average blood sugar(glucose) level within the last 2-3 months. Blood sugar test: Determining your blood sugar levels. A high reading of blood sugar levels suggests diabetes. Fasting blood test: A sample of the individual's blood will be taken after the overnight fast (no eating/drinking) if their blood sugar is 126mg or even higher they will be considered to have diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can become life threatening if, it is not treated correctly or controlled on time. Specialist doctors may give prognoisis decisions such as an individual reducing their weight or taking regular exercise and to control the balance of their blood sugar while eating healthier. They may also tell individuals to take regular eye tests. Down syndrome is most likely to come with some physical/intellectual/emotional and social affect such as a learning disability, development delays, physical facial features. When Ben was told he had down syndrome he could have had some sort of delay when learning basic skills as child or young adult. This can include walking, sitting, standing, socialising, talking. Down syndrome causes individuals to take longer to process certain information. Down syndrome can vary in the severity of different individuals because of the different difficulties it can cause people such as developmental delays, unable to focus/learn new skills, or even process information given to them. Down syndrome can also lead to heart defects, medical issues or gastro disorders. Diagnosing down syndrome early helps increase a person life expectancy and the quality of their life due to early treatment and support. The severity of Ben's conditions could become worse over time due to the ageing process as those with down syndrome usually age faster than the average developing person. M1: Assess what are the additional requirements of one child and one adult with different additional needs: Rebecca: Individuals who have additional needs will impact not only the individual but their family as well. What the impact is depends on the individual's condition and how severe it is, or it becomes. Due to Rebecca having a spinal injury resulting in her being wheelchair bound, she would need long term additional support with her mobitlity. Rebecca could face various challenges on a daily basis, this could include her education. Rebeccas school would have to be close by as it would not be ideal for her to go to school far away from her house as she would need a car or transport adapted for her, if the transport was not available for her, her education may be disrupted and she may lose out on her education, resulting in later life difficulties, like getting a job. Rebecca additional needs means she would have to attend an (SEN) school to get the extra support she needs. Rebecca can benefit from this as she can learn in her own time and won't have rush through her learning. Rebecca attending an SEN school cause stress on her family due to paying extra fees for extra support as well, which could cause financial difficulties. If Rebeccas school is more than 1 floor they may need to make sure lifts are in place to help Rebecca get to classes on time and without being crowded. Making sure Rebecca is noticed of her disability and what it means for her in the future, for example the short and long term effects. With Rebecca kept in the loop she and her family is prepared and will know more knowledge of how to cope with this. Since Rebecca can't participate in physical activities because of her loss of her mobility so she could benefit from playing games inside her house such as board games or video games, with her family/siblings, this will help her become more independent. Rebecca could be more vulnerable to being bullied due to her lack of physical strength and unable to defend herself, her family would have to stay aware of this to reduce further issues. Rebeccas family will have to support her and help her move to places on a daily basis, this could be a challenge for her family especially if they are busy.