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Emaan Hassan
07/12/2025
Health & Social Care
HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
139
•
7 Dec 2025
•
Understanding Human Growth and Development
Emaan Hassan
@maanassan_
1 / 10
The Four Major Life Stages
Human development unfolds through four distinct life stages: newborn/infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood (early, middle, and late). Each stage brings unique changes that build upon previous development.
Understanding these stages helps us recognise what's normal at different ages. Whether you're babysitting younger siblings or reflecting on your own growth, knowing these patterns makes human behaviour much clearer.
Quick Tip: Development isn't just about getting bigger - it involves cognitive, physical, social, and emotional changes happening simultaneously.
Understanding Holistic Development
Holistic development means looking at how children grow in all areas together - physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development don't happen in isolation. Think of it like building a house where every part needs to work together.
When one area struggles, it affects the others. A child dealing with emotional stress might find it harder to concentrate on schoolwork, whilst physical challenges can impact social interactions.
This interconnected approach helps caregivers and teachers create better environments for children's overall growth. Rather than focusing on just academic achievement, holistic development considers the whole person.
Real-World Example: A child learning to ride a bike develops physical skills, gains confidence (emotional), problem-solves (cognitive), and often shares the experience with friends (social).
Newborn and Infancy Development (Birth to 2 Years)
This stage features the most rapid development you'll ever see in human life. Babies transform from helpless newborns into walking, talking toddlers in just 24 months.
Early milestones include lifting their head, opening and closing hands, and using natural reflexes like sucking. By 3-6 months, babies can roll over, grab toys, and start eating solid food.
The 6-9 month period brings crawling, transferring objects between hands, and sitting without support. Between 9-12 months, babies often take their first independent steps and develop separation anxiety.
Ages 1-2 see major advances like walking backwards, climbing stairs, scribbling with crayons, and building simple towers. These physical achievements lay the foundation for future learning.
Memory Aid: Remember the pattern - head control first, then sitting, crawling, and finally walking. Development generally moves from head to toe.
Four Key Development Areas in Infants
Social development starts immediately - newborns recognise their mother's voice and prefer familiar faces. The first social smile appears around 6-8 weeks, followed by games like peek-a-boo.
Emotional development ranges from basic feelings (joy, sadness, fear) to complex emotions like jealousy and empathy. Crying communicates needs like hunger or discomfort.
Cognitive development begins with reflexes but quickly advances to object permanence - understanding that things exist even when hidden. Language skills emerge through babbling and sound imitation around 8-12 months.
Physical development progresses from limited body control to coordinated movement. Gross motor skills (rolling, crawling, walking) develop alongside fine motor skills (grasping, picking up small objects).
Study Tip: Use the acronym SPEC (Social, Physical, Emotional, Cognitive) to remember all four development domains.
Childhood Development (Ages 2-12)
Early childhood and late childhood build on infant foundations with more sophisticated skills. Children develop advanced problem-solving, reasoning, and language abilities during these crucial years.
Ages 3-5 bring major physical milestones: walking backwards and forwards confidently, jumping off low objects, riding tricycles, and developing fine motor skills like holding pencils properly and using scissors.
Ages 6-9 show increased coordination - children can skip with speed, jump over objects, swim, ride bikes, and participate in rule-based games. Self-care becomes largely independent.
Ages 10-12 mark the transition toward adolescence, with children enjoying team sports, swimming competently, and developing the physical skills needed for more complex activities.
Key Insight: Each age group builds specific skills that prepare children for the next developmental stage - nothing happens by accident in human growth.
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4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Understanding Human Growth and Development
Emaan Hassan
@maanassan_
Ever wondered how humans develop from tiny babies into adults? Human development happens in fascinating stages, each with its own milestones and achievements that shape who we become.
The Four Major Life Stages
Human development unfolds through four distinct life stages: newborn/infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood (early, middle, and late). Each stage brings unique changes that build upon previous development.
Understanding these stages helps us recognise what's normal at different ages. Whether you're babysitting younger siblings or reflecting on your own growth, knowing these patterns makes human behaviour much clearer.
Quick Tip: Development isn't just about getting bigger - it involves cognitive, physical, social, and emotional changes happening simultaneously.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Understanding Holistic Development
Holistic development means looking at how children grow in all areas together - physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development don't happen in isolation. Think of it like building a house where every part needs to work together.
When one area struggles, it affects the others. A child dealing with emotional stress might find it harder to concentrate on schoolwork, whilst physical challenges can impact social interactions.
This interconnected approach helps caregivers and teachers create better environments for children's overall growth. Rather than focusing on just academic achievement, holistic development considers the whole person.
Real-World Example: A child learning to ride a bike develops physical skills, gains confidence (emotional), problem-solves (cognitive), and often shares the experience with friends (social).
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Newborn and Infancy Development (Birth to 2 Years)
This stage features the most rapid development you'll ever see in human life. Babies transform from helpless newborns into walking, talking toddlers in just 24 months.
Early milestones include lifting their head, opening and closing hands, and using natural reflexes like sucking. By 3-6 months, babies can roll over, grab toys, and start eating solid food.
The 6-9 month period brings crawling, transferring objects between hands, and sitting without support. Between 9-12 months, babies often take their first independent steps and develop separation anxiety.
Ages 1-2 see major advances like walking backwards, climbing stairs, scribbling with crayons, and building simple towers. These physical achievements lay the foundation for future learning.
Memory Aid: Remember the pattern - head control first, then sitting, crawling, and finally walking. Development generally moves from head to toe.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Four Key Development Areas in Infants
Social development starts immediately - newborns recognise their mother's voice and prefer familiar faces. The first social smile appears around 6-8 weeks, followed by games like peek-a-boo.
Emotional development ranges from basic feelings (joy, sadness, fear) to complex emotions like jealousy and empathy. Crying communicates needs like hunger or discomfort.
Cognitive development begins with reflexes but quickly advances to object permanence - understanding that things exist even when hidden. Language skills emerge through babbling and sound imitation around 8-12 months.
Physical development progresses from limited body control to coordinated movement. Gross motor skills (rolling, crawling, walking) develop alongside fine motor skills (grasping, picking up small objects).
Study Tip: Use the acronym SPEC (Social, Physical, Emotional, Cognitive) to remember all four development domains.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Childhood Development (Ages 2-12)
Early childhood and late childhood build on infant foundations with more sophisticated skills. Children develop advanced problem-solving, reasoning, and language abilities during these crucial years.
Ages 3-5 bring major physical milestones: walking backwards and forwards confidently, jumping off low objects, riding tricycles, and developing fine motor skills like holding pencils properly and using scissors.
Ages 6-9 show increased coordination - children can skip with speed, jump over objects, swim, ride bikes, and participate in rule-based games. Self-care becomes largely independent.
Ages 10-12 mark the transition toward adolescence, with children enjoying team sports, swimming competently, and developing the physical skills needed for more complex activities.
Key Insight: Each age group builds specific skills that prepare children for the next developmental stage - nothing happens by accident in human growth.
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Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content: Child Growth and Development
Most popular content in Health & Social Care
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user