Somerset Levels Floods Case Study
The Somerset levels floods 2013 2014 case study provides a comprehensive overview of the severe flooding event that occurred in the Somerset region of South-West England from December 2013 to January 2014. This case study examines the causes, impacts, and management strategies implemented in response to this significant natural disaster.
When and Where
The flooding took place in the Somerset Levels, a low-lying area covering approximately 179,000 acres. The event spanned from December 2013 to January 2014, affecting a large portion of this vulnerable region.
Highlight: The Somerset Levels is a particularly flood-prone area due to its low-lying topography, making it susceptible to both river and coastal flooding.
Causes of the Flooding
The Somerset floods 2014 case study identifies both physical and human factors that contributed to the severe flooding:
Physical Factors:
- Rainfall three times the average amount fell on already saturated ground.
- Storm surges combined with high tides led to extensive flooding.
Definition: Storm surge is an abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm, primarily caused by winds pushing water onshore.
Human Factors:
- Lack of regular dredging for 20 years resulted in sediment buildup, reducing the capacity of rivers to handle excess water.
Vocabulary: Dredging is the removal of sediments and debris from the bottom of rivers, lakes, and other water bodies to increase their depth and improve water flow.
Impacts of the Flooding
The Somerset levels floods 2013 2014 case study answers reveal the wide-ranging impacts of this event:
Social Impacts:
- Over 600 homes were flooded, forcing many residents to evacuate.
- Villages were cut off, with boats becoming the only means of access.
- Major transport links were closed or disrupted.
- Insurance prices soared, leaving many residents unable to insure their homes against future floods.
Environmental Impacts:
- 1,500 hectares of farmland were flooded, destroying crops.
- Standing water made the ground toxic and unproductive for over a year.
- Mud and debris left by floods caused damage to vegetation.
Example: The long-term environmental impact is evident in the fact that farmland remained unproductive for more than a year after the floods receded.
Economic Impacts:
- The total cost of damage exceeded £80 million.
- Local companies lost over £1.2 million in business.
- Loss of tourism cost the country £200 million.
Preparation and Management Strategies
The case study highlights the preparation measures taken and the long-term management strategies implemented:
Preparation:
- Met Office and other warning systems provided time for people to prepare.
- Emergency accommodation was advised for potential evacuees.
- Sandbags and flood boards were used to limit damage to homes.
Highlight: Early warning systems played a crucial role in allowing residents to take preventive measures, potentially reducing the overall impact of the floods.
Management Strategies:
The Somerset Levels Flood Action Plan, a 20-year plan aimed at reducing future flooding, was developed with a budget of £100 million. Key components include:
- Creating permanent pumping stations.
- Regular dredging of local rivers.
- Building a tidal barrage in Bridgwater.
- Widening local rivers.
Definition: A tidal barrage is a dam-like structure built across a river estuary to harness the power of tides for electricity generation and to control water levels.
This comprehensive case study of the Somerset floods 2014 provides valuable insights into the causes, impacts, and management of severe flooding events, offering lessons for future flood prevention and mitigation strategies in vulnerable areas.
