Urban environments - CBD and Inner City
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H
Holly Carnson
27/07/2025
Geography
National 5 Geography - urban environments - MEDC
255
•
27 Jul 2025
•
Nat 5 Geography: CBD and Inner City Changes, Urban and Rural Questions
H
Holly Carnson
@hollycarnson_eakb
Rural Urban Fringe
The Rural Urban Fringe represents the transitional zone between urban and rural areas, experiencing significant development and changes.
Characteristics of the Rural Urban Fringe
The Rural Urban Fringe is distinguished by:
- Location on the outskirts of the city
- Wide, winding streets with speed bumps for traffic control
- New housing estates with detached houses, garages, and gardens
- Low population density compared to inner urban areas
- Presence of green spaces and parks
- Large buildings such as cinemas and supermarkets
- Retail parks and business parks
Definition: The rural-urban fringe is the transitional zone where urban and rural land uses mix, often characterized by a combination of urban and rural features.
Changes in the Rural Urban Fringe
The Rural Urban Fringe is undergoing significant transformations:
- Construction of new housing estates with winding streets
- Development of houses with gardens, garages, and driveways
- Creation of recreational facilities like golf courses
- Establishment of business parks with room for expansion
- Implementation of park and ride facilities
- Construction of motorways for improved commuter access to the CBD
Example: The development of the M77 motorway is an example of how urban sprawl affects the rural-urban fringe, improving connectivity but also extending urban influence into rural areas.
These changes reflect the growing demand for spacious living environments, improved transportation links, and the expansion of urban amenities into formerly rural areas. The development of the Rural Urban Fringe highlights the dynamic nature of urban growth and the ongoing transformation of urban landscapes in response to changing societal needs and preferences.
Highlight: The development of the Rural Urban Fringe often leads to a blend of urban and rural characteristics, creating unique challenges and opportunities for urban planners and residents alike.
Urban Environments: CBD and Inner City
The Central Business District and Inner City are crucial components of urban geography, each with distinct characteristics and ongoing changes. This summary explores their key features, recent developments, and the factors driving urban transformation.
CBD Characteristics
The CBD is the heart of urban areas, characterized by:
- Central location, often the oldest part of town
- High land value and tall buildings
- Concentration of tourist attractions, government offices, and financial institutions
- Grid iron street pattern, a key feature in Nat 5 Geography Urban questions
- Major transport hubs including subway and bus stations
- Pedestrianized streets and indoor shopping centers
- High-order stores offering unique shopping experiences
Definition: The grid iron pattern is a street layout where roads run at right angles to each other, forming a grid-like structure.
Example: New York City's Manhattan is a classic example of a grid iron pattern city.
Inner City Features
The Inner City, adjacent to the CBD, is characterized by:
- Proximity to the CBD and often near rivers
- Mix of old buildings, including factories and churches
- Tenement housing, a common residential style
- One-way or blocked streets to manage traffic flow
- Presence of old industry and high building density
- Grid iron street pattern, similar to the CBD
Highlight: The Inner City often faces challenges such as air pollution and the need for urban renewal.
Changes in the Inner City
Urban renewal efforts in the Inner City include:
- Demolition of poorly constructed high-rise flats
- Construction of low/medium-rise apartments to attract residents
- Development of community amenities like leisure centers
- Creation of local high streets for jobs and amenities
- Improved transport links, including walking and cycling paths
- Establishment of parks and green spaces for modernization
Vocabulary: Urban renewal refers to the process of improving and rehabilitating older urban areas through redevelopment and modernization.
These changes address issues such as:
- Weathering and damp in poorly constructed buildings
- Anti-social behavior and unemployment
- Lack of community feeling and amenities
- Increased crime and poverty
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Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Nat 5 Geography: CBD and Inner City Changes, Urban and Rural Questions
H
Holly Carnson
@hollycarnson_eakb
Urban environments - CBD and Inner City
This summary covers key aspects of urban geography, focusing on the Central Business District (CBD) and Inner City areas. It explores their characteristics, changes, and the need for urban renewal.
- Detailed overview of... Show more
Rural Urban Fringe
The Rural Urban Fringe represents the transitional zone between urban and rural areas, experiencing significant development and changes.
Characteristics of the Rural Urban Fringe
The Rural Urban Fringe is distinguished by:
- Location on the outskirts of the city
- Wide, winding streets with speed bumps for traffic control
- New housing estates with detached houses, garages, and gardens
- Low population density compared to inner urban areas
- Presence of green spaces and parks
- Large buildings such as cinemas and supermarkets
- Retail parks and business parks
Definition: The rural-urban fringe is the transitional zone where urban and rural land uses mix, often characterized by a combination of urban and rural features.
Changes in the Rural Urban Fringe
The Rural Urban Fringe is undergoing significant transformations:
- Construction of new housing estates with winding streets
- Development of houses with gardens, garages, and driveways
- Creation of recreational facilities like golf courses
- Establishment of business parks with room for expansion
- Implementation of park and ride facilities
- Construction of motorways for improved commuter access to the CBD
Example: The development of the M77 motorway is an example of how urban sprawl affects the rural-urban fringe, improving connectivity but also extending urban influence into rural areas.
These changes reflect the growing demand for spacious living environments, improved transportation links, and the expansion of urban amenities into formerly rural areas. The development of the Rural Urban Fringe highlights the dynamic nature of urban growth and the ongoing transformation of urban landscapes in response to changing societal needs and preferences.
Highlight: The development of the Rural Urban Fringe often leads to a blend of urban and rural characteristics, creating unique challenges and opportunities for urban planners and residents alike.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Urban Environments: CBD and Inner City
The Central Business District and Inner City are crucial components of urban geography, each with distinct characteristics and ongoing changes. This summary explores their key features, recent developments, and the factors driving urban transformation.
CBD Characteristics
The CBD is the heart of urban areas, characterized by:
- Central location, often the oldest part of town
- High land value and tall buildings
- Concentration of tourist attractions, government offices, and financial institutions
- Grid iron street pattern, a key feature in Nat 5 Geography Urban questions
- Major transport hubs including subway and bus stations
- Pedestrianized streets and indoor shopping centers
- High-order stores offering unique shopping experiences
Definition: The grid iron pattern is a street layout where roads run at right angles to each other, forming a grid-like structure.
Example: New York City's Manhattan is a classic example of a grid iron pattern city.
Inner City Features
The Inner City, adjacent to the CBD, is characterized by:
- Proximity to the CBD and often near rivers
- Mix of old buildings, including factories and churches
- Tenement housing, a common residential style
- One-way or blocked streets to manage traffic flow
- Presence of old industry and high building density
- Grid iron street pattern, similar to the CBD
Highlight: The Inner City often faces challenges such as air pollution and the need for urban renewal.
Changes in the Inner City
Urban renewal efforts in the Inner City include:
- Demolition of poorly constructed high-rise flats
- Construction of low/medium-rise apartments to attract residents
- Development of community amenities like leisure centers
- Creation of local high streets for jobs and amenities
- Improved transport links, including walking and cycling paths
- Establishment of parks and green spaces for modernization
Vocabulary: Urban renewal refers to the process of improving and rehabilitating older urban areas through redevelopment and modernization.
These changes address issues such as:
- Weathering and damp in poorly constructed buildings
- Anti-social behavior and unemployment
- Lack of community feeling and amenities
- Increased crime and poverty
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user