They erode land and move sediment along the coast

the fetch, the strength of the wind and the length of time over which the wind has blown

the distance over which the wind has blown 

the bottom of the wave touches the sand, slows down and the top of the wave topples over. Waves are the results of the wind blowing over the sea, as they approach land they break

they occur when wave energy is high and the wave has travelled over a long fetch. They have a stronger backwash than swash.

They occur when wave energy is low and the have stronger swashes than backwashes. 

they are caused by the atmosphere acting on the land, affecting the cliff top and face (weathering and mass movement) 

they are caused by the sea (erosion by the waves at the foot of the cliff)

the disintegration or decay of rock in its original location, largely caused by elements of the weather such as rainfall or changes to temperature

the downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity e.g. landslide 

the erosion or disintegration of rocks, building materials, etc., caused by chemical reactions rather than by mechanical processes 

this involves the action of flora and fauna. Plant roots are effective at growing and expanding in cracks in the rocks. Rabbits can be effective in burrowing into weak rocks such as sands.

is a process of erosion that happens in cold areas where ice forms.

The gradual wearing away of land surface materials, especially rocks, sediments, and soils, by the action of water, wind, or a glacier

material carried by the waves and then they bump into each other and so are smoothed and broken down into smaller particles.

this process involves the force of water against the coast. The waves enter cracks (faults) in the coastline and compress the air within the crack. When the wave retreats, the air in the crack expands quickly causing a minor explosion. This process is repeated continuously.

This is the chemical action of sea water. The acids in the salt water slowly dissolve rocks on the coast. Limestone and chalk are particularly prone to this process.

This is the process by which the coast is worn down by material carried by the waves. Waves throw these particles against the rock, sometimes at high velocity.

headlands and bays, wave-cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks and stumps 

What are the 3 features created by erosion? 

a wave-cut platform is the flat area of rock that has fallen at the foot of a cliff as the cliff has retreated backwards due to erosion

When the sea loses energy, it drops the sand, rock particles and pebbles it has been carrying. 

1) it happens when the swash is stronger than the backwash. 2) when waves enter an area of shallow water. 3) when there is little wind. 4) when there is good supply of material

it is a process that explains how sediment moves from one part of the beach to another

high point built up by depostion at the high tide mark.

the part of the beach affected daily by the tides, exposed at low tide

the part of the beach above the high tide mark that is only affected by storm waves

1) a plentiful supply of sand. 2) strong wings to transport sand particles through saltation. 3) an obstacle to trap the sand e.g a plant, seaweed or driftwood

Spits are extensions of a beach created due to longshore drift. The beach will extend out from the mainland into the sea.

the wind direction changes and moves the spur inland. In storm conditions the spit may be breached

The rivers current stops depostion across the estuary.

why doesn’t the spit grow across the estuary to form a bar?

salt marshes are coastal wetlands that are flooded and drained by the tides. They’re boggy and marshy as their soils are composed of deep mud and peat.

It is when a spit joins one part of the mainland to another

it is when a spit joins the mainland to an island

using artificial structures such as seawalls to control natural processes 

environmentally friendly protection that works with natural processes 

it is a form of soft engineering. It allows the sea to flood low lying land in a controlled way

they trap the sand which is carried along the coast by longshore drift. The sand acts as a natural protection against the force of the waves. The waves break on the beach and not the cliffs.

Coasts

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Coasts

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