This section compares Shakespeare's Sonnet 116 with Fitzgerald's portrayal of love in The Great Gatsby, examining themes of enduring love and idealization.

Sonnet 116 presents love as timeless and unchanging, which parallels Gatsby's belief that his love for Daisy has remained constant over the years. However, Fitzgerald challenges this notion, suggesting that Gatsby's feelings may be more obsession than true love.

Quote: "You can't repeat the past... why of course you can!" - This quote highlights Gatsby's fixation on recreating his past relationship with Daisy.

Both texts explore the idea of a deep, spiritual connection between lovers. Shakespeare's "marriage of true minds" echoes Gatsby's belief that he and Daisy share a profound bond that transcends their physical relationship.

Highlight: Fitzgerald complicates this idealized view of love by revealing Daisy's interest in the economic aspects of relationships, contrasting with Gatsby's romantic notions.

The sonnet's assertion that true love "alters not when it alteration finds" is challenged in The Great Gatsby. While Gatsby's feelings remain constant, Daisy's have changed, highlighting the novel's more cynical view of enduring love.

Example: Daisy's reaction to Gatsby's shirts - "Oh, you want too much... there such beautiful shirts" - reveals her materialistic interests, contrasting with Gatsby's romantic ideals.

Both works present love as a powerful, transformative force. However, The Great Gatsby ultimately portrays a more complex and disillusioning view of love compared to the idealized vision in Sonnet 116.

The complex relationship between love, control, and gender dynamics features prominently in both The Great Gatsby and pre-1900 poetry. Through careful analysis of these texts, we can uncover deeper insights about how authors portrayed desire, power, and relationships across different time periods.

Definition: The concept of objectification in literature refers to treating characters, particularly women, as objects rather than full human beings with agency and autonomy.

In Fitzgerald's portrayal of relationships, we see how women in The Great Gatsby face systematic objectification. Tom Buchanan exemplifies this through his treatment of both Daisy and Myrtle - viewing them as possessions rather than people. This mirrors themes found in pre-1900 poems like "To His Coy Mistress" where male speakers frequently reduce women to their physical attributes or treat them as conquests to be won.

The theme of male privilege and double standards runs throughout both works. While Tom's affairs are socially acceptable, Daisy must remain "a beautiful little fool" to survive in society. Similarly, cavalier poets like Lovelace present male sexual freedom as natural while expecting women to remain chaste and waiting. This highlights the deeply embedded gender inequalities of both time periods.

Quote: "They were careless people, Tom and Daisy - they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness..."

Both The Great Gatsby and pre-1900 poetry employ religious imagery to explore themes of moral decay and corrupted ideals. Gatsby's pursuit of Daisy is described as following "a grail," while poems like "The Garden of Love" use Biblical allusions to critique institutional corruption of natural human connection.

The garden metaphor appears repeatedly across these works as a symbol of lost innocence and corrupted nature. Blake's poem shows how organized religion destroys the natural freedom of the garden, while Gatsby's mansion and carefully tended grounds represent his attempt to artificially recreate an idealized past.

Highlight: Religious imagery serves to emphasize the fall from grace and loss of moral certainty in both modern and historical literary works.

The theme of time and memory also connects these texts. Gatsby's obsession with recreating the past parallels the speaker in "The Garden of Love" mourning what was lost. Both works suggest that attempts to recapture lost innocence or idealized love are ultimately futile.

The exploration of gender roles and power dynamics is central to both The Great Gatsby and pre-1900 poetry. These works reveal how patriarchal societies enabled male characters to exercise control while limiting female agency.

Example: Tom Buchanan's casual violence toward Myrtle and emotional manipulation of Daisy demonstrate how male characters could abuse their social power with impunity.

The commodification of relationships appears as a key theme across these texts. Whether through Gatsby's attempt to "buy" Daisy's love or cavalier poets treating women as collectible conquests, both modern and historical works critique the intersection of wealth, power, and romantic relationships.

Female characters often serve as symbols of male achievement or objects of conquest rather than fully realized individuals. This objectification reflects broader social attitudes about gender roles and relationships in both the 1920s and pre-1900 periods.

The tension between romantic fantasy and harsh reality forms a central conflict in both The Great Gatsby and pre-1900 love poetry. Characters often retreat into idealized visions of love that contrast sharply with their lived experiences.

Gatsby's elaborate fantasies about reuniting with Daisy parallel the grandiose promises and imagined scenarios of cavalier poetry. Both reveal how characters use fantasy to escape the limitations and disappointments of their actual relationships.

Vocabulary: Cavalier poetry refers to a school of English poetry from the 17th century characterized by elegant language and themes of courtly love, honor, and male privilege.

The inevitable collision between fantasy and reality leads to tragedy in these works. Gatsby's death results from his inability to accept that the past cannot be recreated, while poems like "The Scrutiny" show how idealized visions of love fail against human nature and social constraints.

The profound themes of love, loss, and eternal devotion intertwine remarkably in Robert Burns' "Ae Fond Kiss" and F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby". Both works explore the devastating impact of impossible love and the lingering effects of romantic separation, though through distinctly different lenses and eras.

In Burns' poem, the speaker pledges eternal love through "heart-wrung tears," mirroring Gatsby's unwavering dedication to Daisy Buchanan. The caesura in Burns' verse deliberately prolongs the farewell, just as Gatsby attempts to extend and recreate his past with Daisy, claiming their affair lasted five years. Both protagonists share an almost spiritual dedication to their loves - Gatsby "forever wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath," while Burns creates an image of painful yet inevitable separation through the word "sever."

Quote: "Deep in heart-wrung tears I'll pledge thee" - This line from Burns' poem exemplifies the emotional devastation of inevitable separation, paralleling Gatsby's eventual fate.

The symbolic use of stars and fortune appears prominently in both works. Burns employs the "star of hope" as a metaphor for eternal love and guidance, while Fitzgerald uses the green light as Gatsby's guiding star. However, both symbols ultimately represent unfulfilled dreams - Burns' star offers questionable comfort, while Gatsby's green light proves to be founded "securely on a fairy's wing."

Highlight: Both works emphasize the concept of soulmates and love at first sight. The poem's line "But to see her was to love her" mirrors Gatsby's instant and permanent enchantment with Daisy.

The intersection of wealth, social status, and romantic love creates a complex narrative in both "The Great Gatsby" and Pre-1900 poetry. These works explore how material circumstances influence and often impede genuine emotional connections.

The theme of social barriers becomes particularly evident in both texts' treatment of class divisions. In "The Great Gatsby", these barriers manifest through subtle social cues and shared experiences that exclude Gatsby, such as the "Biloxi" discussion that highlights his outsider status. Similarly, Burns' poem acknowledges these societal constraints through the inevitable separation of lovers from different social spheres.

Definition: Social mobility in literature refers to the ability or inability of characters to move between different social classes, often affecting their romantic relationships.

The concept of wealth intertwines with love in both works, though with different implications. Burns' reference to "treasure" in his wishes for his beloved takes on new meaning when compared to Gatsby's observation that Daisy's voice was "full of money." This connection between wealth and desire reveals how both authors understood the inseparable nature of economic and emotional aspects in romantic relationships.

Example: The description of Daisy's voice as being "full of money" symbolizes how wealth and love become indistinguishable in Gatsby's world, while Burns' use of "treasure" suggests both material and emotional richness.

This section examines parallels between Sir Thomas Wyatt's poem and Fitzgerald's novel in their portrayal of love, desire, and gender dynamics.

Both texts present women as status symbols for men. In Wyatt's poem, Ann is "bound to Henry by 'diamonds'", while in The Great Gatsby, Daisy is "bound to Tom by 'pearls'". This imagery suggests elements of control and subordination of women.

The pursuit of unattainable love is a key theme in both works. Wyatt's speaker describes "Fainting I follow", mirroring Gatsby's obsessive pursuit of Daisy. This one-sided devotion ultimately leads to suffering for the male characters.

Highlight: Both texts use extended metaphors as conceits for love - Wyatt employs the hunt of a deer, while Fitzgerald uses the green light.

Social expectations and class divisions create barriers to love in both the Tudor era and 1920s America. The poem alludes to the impossibility of Wyatt's relationship with Anne Boleyn due to her marriage to Henry VIII, while Gatsby's lower social origins present obstacles to his relationship with Daisy.

Quote: "Fainting I follow" suggests the speaker is chasing her, implying she has some control and challenging patriarchal expectations of the Elizabethan era.

The texts present complex power dynamics between men and women. While men attempt to maintain control, women like Daisy and Anne Boleyn exert their own forms of power through their desirability and ability to influence men's actions.

Vocabulary: Foil - A character who contrasts with another character to highlight particular qualities of the other character.