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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
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Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
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2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
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English Literature
3 Dec 2025
100
11 pages
Amber Ewers @mberwers_wlnfdrntqnr
Shakespeare's Macbeth explores how unchecked ambition and supernatural forces can corrupt even the most loyal soldiers into ruthless... Show more
Ever wondered what makes a great leader? Shakespeare shows us through Duncan's virtuous rule as the ideal king. Duncan embodies everything a monarch should be - noble, nurturing, and responsible towards his people.
His famous line "Signs of nobleness like stars shall shine on all deservers" reveals how he rewards loyalty and goodness. Duncan doesn't just rule; he inspires and protects his subjects. This creates a divine connection between earthly leadership and heavenly approval.
Quick Tip Remember that Jacobean audiences believed kings were chosen by God, so Duncan represents this sacred bond perfectly.
For Shakespeare's audience, Duncan's character reinforced respect for divine right of kingship and discouraged any thoughts of rebellion against King James I.
Here's where everything goes wrong - Macbeth's betrayal shatters the natural order completely. His "vaulting ambition which o'erleaps itself" becomes his fatal flaw, driving him to murder Duncan whilst he sleeps as a guest in Macbeth's own home.
Macbeth transforms into Duncan's complete opposite. Where Duncan rewarded loyalty, Macbeth murders anyone he sees as a threat. He becomes a tyrannical usurper who rules through fear rather than respect.
Key Point Notice how Macbeth's reliance on violence to maintain power ultimately leads to his downfall - Shakespeare's warning about illegitimate rule.
This stark contrast shows audiences that defying divine order brings chaos and destruction, not lasting power.
Thank goodness for Malcolm! When he takes the throne, God's natural order gets restored. Malcolm isn't just Duncan's son - he's learned from his father's mistakes without becoming naive.
His reference to being "a weak and poor innocent lamb to appease an angry God" shows he understands the sacred responsibility of kingship. Unlike his father, Malcolm combines wisdom and compassion with healthy caution about trusting others.
The moral difference between Malcolm and Macbeth couldn't be clearer. Malcolm represents hope and righteous leadership returning to Scotland.
Remember Shakespeare's message is crystal clear - good kings need genuine virtue, not just ambition or force.
The supernatural forces in Macbeth aren't friendly magic - they're dark, manipulative powers that mess with reality itself. These elements drive the entire plot forward whilst reflecting the chaos caused by unnatural events.
Those witches immediately blur what's real and what's not. Their famous paradox "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" sets up the whole play's theme of things not being what they seem.
Their manipulative language tricks Macbeth by twisting words and meanings. They tell partial truths that lead to complete destruction, showing how dangerous it is to trust supernatural guidance.
Watch Out The witches represent the danger of seeking shortcuts to power through unnatural means.
Macbeth's mind becomes a battleground where supernatural hallucinations push him towards evil actions. The famous "Is this a dagger I see before me" scene shows how the supernatural preys on his psychological state.
That ghostly dagger isn't just in his head - it encourages his darkest temptations and marks the beginning of his descent into madness. The supernatural becomes inseparable from his guilty conscience.
Banquo's ghost later haunts Macbeth both physically and emotionally. Only Macbeth can see it, making "Never shake thy gory locks at me" a desperate plea from a man losing his grip on reality.
Key Insight Shakespeare uses supernatural elements to explore how guilt and paranoia can destroy the human mind.
Nothing's quite what it seems in Macbeth, and this creates a world of mistrust and confusion. Characters constantly hide their true thoughts and intentions, leading to tragedy and destruction.
The witches' prophecies perfectly demonstrate this theme. When they hail Macbeth as future king with "All hail Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter," they're technically truthful but completely misleading about the consequences.
Their words corrupt Macbeth's perception of reality by triggering his ambition without revealing the bloody path ahead. They set him up brilliantly, using simple but deadly misleading words that exploit his hamartia (tragic flaw).
Think About It The witches show how dangerous it is to trust only what we want to hear, rather than seeking the whole truth.
Unchecked ambition becomes the most dangerous force in the play, overwhelming moral judgement and destroying lives. It starts innocently but grows into something monstrous that consumes everything in its path.
The witches' prophecy "All hail Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter" plants the seed of power in Macbeth's mind. Before this moment, he'd never seriously considered becoming king, but now the idea takes root and grows.
This foreshadows his internal conflict in Act 1 Scene 7, where he admits he'd risk anything for the crown but fears the consequences. His moral compass still works at this point, but ambition is already weakening it.
Warning Sign Notice how quickly a single idea can transform someone's entire worldview when it appeals to their deepest desires.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
4
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Quotes from every main character
English LiteratureQuotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Amber Ewers
@mberwers_wlnfdrntqnr
Shakespeare's Macbeth explores how unchecked ambition and supernatural forces can corrupt even the most loyal soldiers into ruthless tyrants. The play examines the dangerous gap between what people appear to be and who they really are, whilst showing how the... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Ever wondered what makes a great leader? Shakespeare shows us through Duncan's virtuous rule as the ideal king. Duncan embodies everything a monarch should be - noble, nurturing, and responsible towards his people.
His famous line "Signs of nobleness like stars shall shine on all deservers" reveals how he rewards loyalty and goodness. Duncan doesn't just rule; he inspires and protects his subjects. This creates a divine connection between earthly leadership and heavenly approval.
Quick Tip: Remember that Jacobean audiences believed kings were chosen by God, so Duncan represents this sacred bond perfectly.
For Shakespeare's audience, Duncan's character reinforced respect for divine right of kingship and discouraged any thoughts of rebellion against King James I.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Here's where everything goes wrong - Macbeth's betrayal shatters the natural order completely. His "vaulting ambition which o'erleaps itself" becomes his fatal flaw, driving him to murder Duncan whilst he sleeps as a guest in Macbeth's own home.
Macbeth transforms into Duncan's complete opposite. Where Duncan rewarded loyalty, Macbeth murders anyone he sees as a threat. He becomes a tyrannical usurper who rules through fear rather than respect.
Key Point: Notice how Macbeth's reliance on violence to maintain power ultimately leads to his downfall - Shakespeare's warning about illegitimate rule.
This stark contrast shows audiences that defying divine order brings chaos and destruction, not lasting power.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Thank goodness for Malcolm! When he takes the throne, God's natural order gets restored. Malcolm isn't just Duncan's son - he's learned from his father's mistakes without becoming naive.
His reference to being "a weak and poor innocent lamb to appease an angry God" shows he understands the sacred responsibility of kingship. Unlike his father, Malcolm combines wisdom and compassion with healthy caution about trusting others.
The moral difference between Malcolm and Macbeth couldn't be clearer. Malcolm represents hope and righteous leadership returning to Scotland.
Remember: Shakespeare's message is crystal clear - good kings need genuine virtue, not just ambition or force.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The supernatural forces in Macbeth aren't friendly magic - they're dark, manipulative powers that mess with reality itself. These elements drive the entire plot forward whilst reflecting the chaos caused by unnatural events.
Those witches immediately blur what's real and what's not. Their famous paradox "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" sets up the whole play's theme of things not being what they seem.
Their manipulative language tricks Macbeth by twisting words and meanings. They tell partial truths that lead to complete destruction, showing how dangerous it is to trust supernatural guidance.
Watch Out: The witches represent the danger of seeking shortcuts to power through unnatural means.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Macbeth's mind becomes a battleground where supernatural hallucinations push him towards evil actions. The famous "Is this a dagger I see before me" scene shows how the supernatural preys on his psychological state.
That ghostly dagger isn't just in his head - it encourages his darkest temptations and marks the beginning of his descent into madness. The supernatural becomes inseparable from his guilty conscience.
Banquo's ghost later haunts Macbeth both physically and emotionally. Only Macbeth can see it, making "Never shake thy gory locks at me" a desperate plea from a man losing his grip on reality.
Key Insight: Shakespeare uses supernatural elements to explore how guilt and paranoia can destroy the human mind.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Nothing's quite what it seems in Macbeth, and this creates a world of mistrust and confusion. Characters constantly hide their true thoughts and intentions, leading to tragedy and destruction.
The witches' prophecies perfectly demonstrate this theme. When they hail Macbeth as future king with "All hail Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter," they're technically truthful but completely misleading about the consequences.
Their words corrupt Macbeth's perception of reality by triggering his ambition without revealing the bloody path ahead. They set him up brilliantly, using simple but deadly misleading words that exploit his hamartia (tragic flaw).
Think About It: The witches show how dangerous it is to trust only what we want to hear, rather than seeking the whole truth.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Unchecked ambition becomes the most dangerous force in the play, overwhelming moral judgement and destroying lives. It starts innocently but grows into something monstrous that consumes everything in its path.
The witches' prophecy "All hail Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter" plants the seed of power in Macbeth's mind. Before this moment, he'd never seriously considered becoming king, but now the idea takes root and grows.
This foreshadows his internal conflict in Act 1 Scene 7, where he admits he'd risk anything for the crown but fears the consequences. His moral compass still works at this point, but ambition is already weakening it.
Warning Sign: Notice how quickly a single idea can transform someone's entire worldview when it appeals to their deepest desires.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
4
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Quotes from every main character
English LiteratureQuotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology