Structure and Language That Hits Hard
The poem's four regular stanzas with simple alternate rhyme schemes might seem basic, but that's the point. Blake contrasts this straightforward structure with the complex, seemingly endless problems he describes - making the issues feel even more overwhelming.
The cyclical structure suggests that London's suffering just goes on and on, like a broken record that won't stop. Blake uses iambic tetrameter that occasionally breaks down, representing the few chances people had to escape Georgian society's oppression.
Blake's language choices pack a serious punch. The phrase "marriage hearse" uses juxtaposition to contrast joy with death - showing how even marriage (supposedly a woman's dream) had become corrupted. When he repeats "chartered" (referring to 1700s laws that gave common land to wealthy landowners), he shows how even the Thames river has been claimed and controlled.
The "blackening church" works on multiple levels - literally referring to soot and smoke pollution, but also suggesting the moral corruption of religious institutions.
Key insight: Every technique Blake uses serves his main argument - that those in power have corrupted every aspect of London life, from nature to religion to relationships.