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Journey's End: Waiting, Fear, and Friendship in War

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sophie geddes

11/05/2023

English Literature

Journeys end notes

Journey's End: Waiting, Fear, and Friendship in War

Journey's End provides a haunting portrayal of life in World War I trenches, examining themes of friendship, fear, and coping mechanisms through the story of Captain Stanhope and his infantry company.

• The play centers on the psychological impact of warfare, particularly focusing on the effects of war on personal relationships between officers
Coping with fear during trench warfare manifests differently among characters, from Stanhope's alcoholism to Osborne's stoic acceptance
• The significance of waiting emerges as a central theme, with soldiers experiencing intense anxiety during periods between combat
• Themes of class distinction, loyalty, and the futility of war are explored through various character interactions
• The play provides authentic insight into the psychological toll of trench warfare and the various ways soldiers maintained their sanity

...

11/05/2023

682

JOURNEY'S END THEMES
r
FRIENDSHIP + HUMAN INTERACTION → Sherriff shows the
effects of war on personal relationships. He focuses on
how worti

View

Page 1: Journey's End Themes

This page introduces the main themes of the play "Journey's End":

Friendship and Human Interaction: The play examines how war affects personal relationships, particularly focusing on power dynamics and interpersonal attitudes. The friendship between Stanhope and Raleigh is a prime example, showing how military life can strain even the closest bonds.

Anticipation, Expectations, and Uncertainty: Sherriff portrays the psychological challenge of waiting for combat. The constant threat of violence creates a tense atmosphere, with soldiers grappling with growing fear during quiet periods.

Fear and Coping: Characters exhibit various ways of dealing with fear, including acceptance, denial, and evasion. The most stable characters, like Osborne and Raleigh, acknowledge their fear but continue to perform their duties bravely.

Repetition, Futility, and Perspective: The play highlights the cyclical nature of trench life, with soldiers organizing their existence around mundane tasks. This repetition underscores the futility of their situation and the intermittent nature of trench warfare.

Highlight: The most emotionally stable characters in "Journey's End" are those who accept their situation, acknowledging their fear while still carrying out their duties.

Example: The cyclical nature of trench life is depicted through routine activities like eating meals, drinking tea, sleeping, and taking orders, emphasizing the repetitive quality of the soldiers' existence.

JOURNEY'S END THEMES
r
FRIENDSHIP + HUMAN INTERACTION → Sherriff shows the
effects of war on personal relationships. He focuses on
how worti

View

Page 2: Journey's End Synopsis

This page provides a synopsis of the play and its historical context:

"Journey's End," first produced in 1928, offers a stark portrayal of life in the trenches during World War I. The play centers on Captain Stanhope, a young commander in his early 20s, leading an infantry company against the Germans in France in 1918. Stanhope, deeply affected by the horrors of war, has turned to heavy drinking to cope with his experiences.

The arrival of Lieutenant Raleigh, a naive and enthusiastic 18-year-old who idolizes Stanhope from their shared past, creates tension as Stanhope's memories collide with his harsh present reality. The play weaves together Stanhope's struggle for sanity with the experiences of other officers, providing a bitter commentary on the psychological effects of war.

Context: Written and performed a decade after World War I, the play resonated deeply with audiences still mourning losses or dealing with the war's aftermath. Set in the days leading up to the German Spring Offensive of 1918, many audience members would have been acutely aware of the impending historical events at St Quentin on March 21st.

Highlight: "Journey's End" provides a brutally honest insight into the psychological toll of trench warfare, with themes and relationships that continue to resonate with modern audiences.

Quote: Stanhope drinks copious amounts of whiskey so that he does not "go mad with fright."

JOURNEY'S END THEMES
r
FRIENDSHIP + HUMAN INTERACTION → Sherriff shows the
effects of war on personal relationships. He focuses on
how worti

View

Page 3: Journey's End Character Context

This page introduces the main characters of the play:

Captain Stanhope: The protagonist, who joined the war at 18 and has served for three years. Now the commanding officer of C Company, he drinks heavily to cope with the brutal reality of war. Despite his fluctuating temper, he is respected by his men. Stanhope is engaged to Raleigh's sister and hopes to maintain his heroic image in her eyes.

Lieutenant Osborne: Stanhope's levelheaded second-in-command, a middle-aged former schoolmaster. Known as "Uncle" by the men, he respects Stanhope's abilities and experience, taking on a caretaker role as Stanhope's condition worsens.

Second Lieutenant Raleigh: A fresh-faced 18-year-old straight out of school. He shares a past with Stanhope, having attended the same school. Raleigh looks up to Stanhope, whom he knows as Dennis. His first name, Jimmy, is revealed only at the end of the play when he is fatally injured.

Second Lieutenant Trotter: A middle-aged, portly officer who tries to make the best of life in the trenches. He enjoys food and has a practical, unimaginative approach to his situation.

Vocabulary: Neuralgia - Intense, typically intermittent pain along the course of a nerve, especially in the head or face.

Highlight: The characters in "Journey's End" represent a diverse range of ages, experiences, and coping mechanisms, providing a comprehensive view of life in the trenches.

JOURNEY'S END THEMES
r
FRIENDSHIP + HUMAN INTERACTION → Sherriff shows the
effects of war on personal relationships. He focuses on
how worti

View

Page 4: Additional Characters and Context

This page continues the character descriptions and adds more context:

Second Lieutenant Hibbert: A junior officer in C Company who claims to be suffering from severe neuralgia. Stanhope suspects Hibbert is feigning illness to escape the front lines and spend the rest of the war in a hospital.

The Colonel: Stanhope's superior officer, who appears more concerned with pleasing his own superiors than protecting the lives of soldiers in action.

Definition: Neuralgia - A sharp, shocking pain that follows the path of a nerve and is due to irritation or damage to the nerve.

Highlight: The characters in "Journey's End" represent various attitudes towards war, from Raleigh's youthful enthusiasm to Hibbert's apparent attempt to escape, showcasing the diverse psychological impacts of trench warfare.

Example: The contrast between Stanhope's heavy drinking as a coping mechanism and Osborne's calm, levelheaded approach illustrates the different ways soldiers dealt with the stress of war.

JOURNEY'S END THEMES
r
FRIENDSHIP + HUMAN INTERACTION → Sherriff shows the
effects of war on personal relationships. He focuses on
how worti

View

Page 5: Symbolic Elements

The fifth page analyzes the play's use of symbols and motifs to convey deeper meanings about war and human nature.

Definition: Symbols such as candles represent life itself, while worms symbolize moral weakness and doubt.

Example: The recurring motif of poor-quality food serves both as comic relief and a reminder of the soldiers' harsh conditions.

Highlight: Discussions of civilian life reveal the soldiers' longing for normalcy and their attempts to maintain connection with their pre-war identities.

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English Literature

682

11 May 2023

6 pages

Journey's End: Waiting, Fear, and Friendship in War

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sophie geddes

@sophiegeddes

Journey's End provides a haunting portrayal of life in World War I trenches, examining themes of friendship, fear, and coping mechanisms through the story of Captain Stanhope and his infantry company.

• The play centers on the psychological impact... Show more

JOURNEY'S END THEMES
r
FRIENDSHIP + HUMAN INTERACTION → Sherriff shows the
effects of war on personal relationships. He focuses on
how worti

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Page 1: Journey's End Themes

This page introduces the main themes of the play "Journey's End":

Friendship and Human Interaction: The play examines how war affects personal relationships, particularly focusing on power dynamics and interpersonal attitudes. The friendship between Stanhope and Raleigh is a prime example, showing how military life can strain even the closest bonds.

Anticipation, Expectations, and Uncertainty: Sherriff portrays the psychological challenge of waiting for combat. The constant threat of violence creates a tense atmosphere, with soldiers grappling with growing fear during quiet periods.

Fear and Coping: Characters exhibit various ways of dealing with fear, including acceptance, denial, and evasion. The most stable characters, like Osborne and Raleigh, acknowledge their fear but continue to perform their duties bravely.

Repetition, Futility, and Perspective: The play highlights the cyclical nature of trench life, with soldiers organizing their existence around mundane tasks. This repetition underscores the futility of their situation and the intermittent nature of trench warfare.

Highlight: The most emotionally stable characters in "Journey's End" are those who accept their situation, acknowledging their fear while still carrying out their duties.

Example: The cyclical nature of trench life is depicted through routine activities like eating meals, drinking tea, sleeping, and taking orders, emphasizing the repetitive quality of the soldiers' existence.

JOURNEY'S END THEMES
r
FRIENDSHIP + HUMAN INTERACTION → Sherriff shows the
effects of war on personal relationships. He focuses on
how worti

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

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Page 2: Journey's End Synopsis

This page provides a synopsis of the play and its historical context:

"Journey's End," first produced in 1928, offers a stark portrayal of life in the trenches during World War I. The play centers on Captain Stanhope, a young commander in his early 20s, leading an infantry company against the Germans in France in 1918. Stanhope, deeply affected by the horrors of war, has turned to heavy drinking to cope with his experiences.

The arrival of Lieutenant Raleigh, a naive and enthusiastic 18-year-old who idolizes Stanhope from their shared past, creates tension as Stanhope's memories collide with his harsh present reality. The play weaves together Stanhope's struggle for sanity with the experiences of other officers, providing a bitter commentary on the psychological effects of war.

Context: Written and performed a decade after World War I, the play resonated deeply with audiences still mourning losses or dealing with the war's aftermath. Set in the days leading up to the German Spring Offensive of 1918, many audience members would have been acutely aware of the impending historical events at St Quentin on March 21st.

Highlight: "Journey's End" provides a brutally honest insight into the psychological toll of trench warfare, with themes and relationships that continue to resonate with modern audiences.

Quote: Stanhope drinks copious amounts of whiskey so that he does not "go mad with fright."

JOURNEY'S END THEMES
r
FRIENDSHIP + HUMAN INTERACTION → Sherriff shows the
effects of war on personal relationships. He focuses on
how worti

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

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Page 3: Journey's End Character Context

This page introduces the main characters of the play:

Captain Stanhope: The protagonist, who joined the war at 18 and has served for three years. Now the commanding officer of C Company, he drinks heavily to cope with the brutal reality of war. Despite his fluctuating temper, he is respected by his men. Stanhope is engaged to Raleigh's sister and hopes to maintain his heroic image in her eyes.

Lieutenant Osborne: Stanhope's levelheaded second-in-command, a middle-aged former schoolmaster. Known as "Uncle" by the men, he respects Stanhope's abilities and experience, taking on a caretaker role as Stanhope's condition worsens.

Second Lieutenant Raleigh: A fresh-faced 18-year-old straight out of school. He shares a past with Stanhope, having attended the same school. Raleigh looks up to Stanhope, whom he knows as Dennis. His first name, Jimmy, is revealed only at the end of the play when he is fatally injured.

Second Lieutenant Trotter: A middle-aged, portly officer who tries to make the best of life in the trenches. He enjoys food and has a practical, unimaginative approach to his situation.

Vocabulary: Neuralgia - Intense, typically intermittent pain along the course of a nerve, especially in the head or face.

Highlight: The characters in "Journey's End" represent a diverse range of ages, experiences, and coping mechanisms, providing a comprehensive view of life in the trenches.

JOURNEY'S END THEMES
r
FRIENDSHIP + HUMAN INTERACTION → Sherriff shows the
effects of war on personal relationships. He focuses on
how worti

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Page 4: Additional Characters and Context

This page continues the character descriptions and adds more context:

Second Lieutenant Hibbert: A junior officer in C Company who claims to be suffering from severe neuralgia. Stanhope suspects Hibbert is feigning illness to escape the front lines and spend the rest of the war in a hospital.

The Colonel: Stanhope's superior officer, who appears more concerned with pleasing his own superiors than protecting the lives of soldiers in action.

Definition: Neuralgia - A sharp, shocking pain that follows the path of a nerve and is due to irritation or damage to the nerve.

Highlight: The characters in "Journey's End" represent various attitudes towards war, from Raleigh's youthful enthusiasm to Hibbert's apparent attempt to escape, showcasing the diverse psychological impacts of trench warfare.

Example: The contrast between Stanhope's heavy drinking as a coping mechanism and Osborne's calm, levelheaded approach illustrates the different ways soldiers dealt with the stress of war.

JOURNEY'S END THEMES
r
FRIENDSHIP + HUMAN INTERACTION → Sherriff shows the
effects of war on personal relationships. He focuses on
how worti

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Page 5: Symbolic Elements

The fifth page analyzes the play's use of symbols and motifs to convey deeper meanings about war and human nature.

Definition: Symbols such as candles represent life itself, while worms symbolize moral weakness and doubt.

Example: The recurring motif of poor-quality food serves both as comic relief and a reminder of the soldiers' harsh conditions.

Highlight: Discussions of civilian life reveal the soldiers' longing for normalcy and their attempts to maintain connection with their pre-war identities.

JOURNEY'S END THEMES
r
FRIENDSHIP + HUMAN INTERACTION → Sherriff shows the
effects of war on personal relationships. He focuses on
how worti

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Overall Summary

Journey's End is a poignant World War I play that delves into the psychological toll of trench warfare. The story revolves around Captain Stanhope and his company, exploring themes of:

  • Friendship and human interaction in wartime
  • Anticipation and uncertainty of combat
  • Coping mechanisms for fear and stress
  • Futility and repetition of trench life
  • Perspective shifts due to war experiences

Key aspects include:

  • Set in 1918 during a critical German offensive
  • Written in 1928, resonating with post-war audiences
  • Focuses on personal relationships and psychological effects
  • Highlights the contrast between naive newcomers and war-weary veterans
  • Explores various coping strategies, from acceptance to denial

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Paul T

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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

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