Class Division and Taking Responsibility
Social class inequality becomes clear through the characters' attitudes. Sheila shows growth when she argues that "these girls aren't cheap labour, they're people," speaking up for those who can't defend themselves. Meanwhile, Mrs Birling assumes "a girl of that sort would refuse money," showing her prejudice about working-class people.
The hierarchy is evident in small details too - Mr Birling casually orders "give us the port, Edna" to their maid, showing the disrespect lower-class workers faced daily from their employers.
Responsibility separates the generations. The Inspector warns that people "will be taught in fire, in blood and anguish" if they don't learn from their mistakes. Sheila accepts blame, saying "I'm desperately sorry" and "between us we killed her," recognising that all the wealthy characters contributed to Eva's death.
The younger generation shows more capacity for change and moral growth than their parents.
Key Point: Priestley uses Eva Smith's death to show how the actions of the privileged class directly harm working people - and why taking responsibility matters.