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English Literature
15 Dec 2025
111
7 pages
robyn๐๐ค @rqbny
Mrs Birling is a key character in J.B. Priestley's "An Inspector Calls" who represents upper-class prejudice and rigid... Show more
Mrs Birling embodies the prejudice and classism prevalent in pre-war Britain. Her character serves as a powerful critique of the upper classes who maintain social divisions while refusing to acknowledge their moral obligations to others.
In the play, she represents the older generation's resistance to change and their inability to recognise their role in social problems. Priestley uses her to highlight how damaging such attitudes can be.
Her interactions with other characters, particularly her dismissal of Eva Smith, reveal a woman preoccupied with social status and reputation rather than compassion or ethical behaviour.
Think deeper Notice how Mrs Birling's actions contrast sharply with her daughter Sheila's growing sense of responsibility โ this generational divide is one of Priestley's key themes.
Mrs Birling defends her husband with the claim that "men with important work to do sometimes have to spend all their time and energy on their business!" This condescending statement reveals her dismissive attitude toward women like Sheila, whom she considers too emotional for the "real world."
Her words expose the patriarchal belief that men's business matters more than ethical considerations. This mindset foreshadows the consequences of Mr Birling's decisions, like firing Eva Smith, suggesting that being busy with business justifies moral failure.
Priestley uses this attitude to criticise the arrogance of powerful people who prioritise financial gain over human welfare. The play suggests that true importance lies in caring for others, not climbing the social ladder.
Remember Pay attention to how Priestley uses Mrs Birling to critique capitalism's focus on individual success at the expense of collective responsibility.
Mrs Birling declares that "a man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own family." Her repeated use of "own" emphasises her ignorance of others' suffering while reinforcing patriarchal and capitalist views.
This statement reveals a narrow definition of duty that focuses solely on immediate family while ignoring wider moral obligations to society. Her belief that "interference leads to trouble" exposes her self-interest and lack of social responsibility.
Priestley intends to showcase the moral blindness and arrogance of the upper class through Mrs Birling. He presents isolationist thinking as dangerous and encourages the audience to embrace empathy and social awareness instead.
Key insight Mrs Birling's philosophy directly contradicts the Inspector's message that "we are responsible for each other" โ highlighting the play's central conflict.
"I did nothing I'm ashamed of" perfectly captures Mrs Birling's arrogance and denial. Despite her cruel treatment of Eva Smith, she believes her actions were morally correct, revealing her obsession with status over genuine morality.
This line underlines her resistance to accept blame or change her perspective. Priestley presents her as a symbol of the older generation's inability to learn or grow from their mistakes.
Her refusal to feel shame starkly contrasts with characters like Sheila, who reflect on their actions and undergo genuine change. Through Mrs Birling, Priestley warns the audience about the dangers of moral complacency and hypocrisy.
Exam tip Compare Mrs Birling's unwillingness to change with Sheila's transformation to highlight Priestley's message about personal responsibility.
"She only had herself to blame" demonstrates how Mrs Birling shifts all responsibility onto Eva Smith. This cold statement reveals her rigid moral code and complete lack of empathy for those less fortunate.
Mrs Birling believes those in poverty are responsible for their own misfortune, showcasing her refusal to acknowledge her own role in Eva's suffering. Her attitude represents the upper classes' tendency to blame the poor for their situations.
Priestley uses Mrs Birling to expose the lack of social responsibility and compassion among the privileged elite. Through her character, he promotes the idea that such views are outdated and harmful to society as a whole.
Writing point In essays, use this quote to demonstrate how Priestley criticises the wealthy for refusing to acknowledge their impact on the less fortunate.
The phrase "girls of that classโ" drips with prejudice and classism. The pause indicated by the dash suggests disgust or disdain, revealing Mrs Birling's deep-seated belief that working-class women are morally inferior and unworthy of help.
Priestley uses this line to show how deeply rooted class prejudice is within the upper classes. The statement is designed to shock the audience and highlight the injustice of judging people based solely on their social status.
This moment reinforces the play's call for equality and respect across class boundaries. Mrs Birling's blatant prejudice makes her one of the most unsympathetic characters in the play, serving as a warning about the dangers of class-based discrimination.
Historical context Remember that Priestley wrote the play in 1945 when Britain was moving toward social reform after WWII, making Mrs Birling's views appear even more outdated.
"He certainly didn't make me confess!" reveals Mrs Birling's attempt to assert power and defiance. She implies that she spoke only because she chose to, not because the Inspector compelled her, underlining her pride and belief that she is above moral interrogation.
This statement shows her failure to grasp the moral weight of the situation, while younger characters like Sheila and Eric have accepted their guilt. Priestley uses this contrast to highlight the generational divide in attitudes toward responsibility.
Through Mrs Birling, Priestley shows how some people cling to power and control even when confronted with their moral failures. Her stubbornness represents the resistance of the upper class to social change, reinforcing the play's themes of generational conflict.
Dramatic technique Notice how Mrs Birling's defiance creates tension in the play, especially when contrasted with the Inspector's calm but relentless questioning.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help โ all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: โ 50+ Practice Questions โ Interactive Flashcards โ Full Mock Exam โ Essay Outlines
Quotes from every main character
English LiteratureQuotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
robyn๐๐ค
@rqbny
Mrs Birling is a key character in J.B. Priestley's "An Inspector Calls" who represents upper-class prejudice and rigid social hierarchies. Her refusal to accept responsibility for her actions against Eva Smith showcases the older generation's moral complacency that Priestley criticises... Show more
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Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Mrs Birling embodies the prejudice and classism prevalent in pre-war Britain. Her character serves as a powerful critique of the upper classes who maintain social divisions while refusing to acknowledge their moral obligations to others.
In the play, she represents the older generation's resistance to change and their inability to recognise their role in social problems. Priestley uses her to highlight how damaging such attitudes can be.
Her interactions with other characters, particularly her dismissal of Eva Smith, reveal a woman preoccupied with social status and reputation rather than compassion or ethical behaviour.
Think deeper: Notice how Mrs Birling's actions contrast sharply with her daughter Sheila's growing sense of responsibility โ this generational divide is one of Priestley's key themes.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Mrs Birling defends her husband with the claim that "men with important work to do sometimes have to spend all their time and energy on their business!" This condescending statement reveals her dismissive attitude toward women like Sheila, whom she considers too emotional for the "real world."
Her words expose the patriarchal belief that men's business matters more than ethical considerations. This mindset foreshadows the consequences of Mr Birling's decisions, like firing Eva Smith, suggesting that being busy with business justifies moral failure.
Priestley uses this attitude to criticise the arrogance of powerful people who prioritise financial gain over human welfare. The play suggests that true importance lies in caring for others, not climbing the social ladder.
Remember: Pay attention to how Priestley uses Mrs Birling to critique capitalism's focus on individual success at the expense of collective responsibility.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Mrs Birling declares that "a man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own family." Her repeated use of "own" emphasises her ignorance of others' suffering while reinforcing patriarchal and capitalist views.
This statement reveals a narrow definition of duty that focuses solely on immediate family while ignoring wider moral obligations to society. Her belief that "interference leads to trouble" exposes her self-interest and lack of social responsibility.
Priestley intends to showcase the moral blindness and arrogance of the upper class through Mrs Birling. He presents isolationist thinking as dangerous and encourages the audience to embrace empathy and social awareness instead.
Key insight: Mrs Birling's philosophy directly contradicts the Inspector's message that "we are responsible for each other" โ highlighting the play's central conflict.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
"I did nothing I'm ashamed of" perfectly captures Mrs Birling's arrogance and denial. Despite her cruel treatment of Eva Smith, she believes her actions were morally correct, revealing her obsession with status over genuine morality.
This line underlines her resistance to accept blame or change her perspective. Priestley presents her as a symbol of the older generation's inability to learn or grow from their mistakes.
Her refusal to feel shame starkly contrasts with characters like Sheila, who reflect on their actions and undergo genuine change. Through Mrs Birling, Priestley warns the audience about the dangers of moral complacency and hypocrisy.
Exam tip: Compare Mrs Birling's unwillingness to change with Sheila's transformation to highlight Priestley's message about personal responsibility.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
"She only had herself to blame" demonstrates how Mrs Birling shifts all responsibility onto Eva Smith. This cold statement reveals her rigid moral code and complete lack of empathy for those less fortunate.
Mrs Birling believes those in poverty are responsible for their own misfortune, showcasing her refusal to acknowledge her own role in Eva's suffering. Her attitude represents the upper classes' tendency to blame the poor for their situations.
Priestley uses Mrs Birling to expose the lack of social responsibility and compassion among the privileged elite. Through her character, he promotes the idea that such views are outdated and harmful to society as a whole.
Writing point: In essays, use this quote to demonstrate how Priestley criticises the wealthy for refusing to acknowledge their impact on the less fortunate.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The phrase "girls of that classโ" drips with prejudice and classism. The pause indicated by the dash suggests disgust or disdain, revealing Mrs Birling's deep-seated belief that working-class women are morally inferior and unworthy of help.
Priestley uses this line to show how deeply rooted class prejudice is within the upper classes. The statement is designed to shock the audience and highlight the injustice of judging people based solely on their social status.
This moment reinforces the play's call for equality and respect across class boundaries. Mrs Birling's blatant prejudice makes her one of the most unsympathetic characters in the play, serving as a warning about the dangers of class-based discrimination.
Historical context: Remember that Priestley wrote the play in 1945 when Britain was moving toward social reform after WWII, making Mrs Birling's views appear even more outdated.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
"He certainly didn't make me confess!" reveals Mrs Birling's attempt to assert power and defiance. She implies that she spoke only because she chose to, not because the Inspector compelled her, underlining her pride and belief that she is above moral interrogation.
This statement shows her failure to grasp the moral weight of the situation, while younger characters like Sheila and Eric have accepted their guilt. Priestley uses this contrast to highlight the generational divide in attitudes toward responsibility.
Through Mrs Birling, Priestley shows how some people cling to power and control even when confronted with their moral failures. Her stubbornness represents the resistance of the upper class to social change, reinforcing the play's themes of generational conflict.
Dramatic technique: Notice how Mrs Birling's defiance creates tension in the play, especially when contrasted with the Inspector's calm but relentless questioning.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help โ all at your fingertips.
2
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: โ 50+ Practice Questions โ Interactive Flashcards โ Full Mock Exam โ Essay Outlines
Quotes from every main character
English LiteratureQuotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because itโs too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didnโt even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as Iโm sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH ๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐โจ๐๐ฎ
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology