J.B. Priestley's "An Inspector Calls" is a powerful examination of social responsibility and class divisions in Edwardian England.
The play centers around the wealthy Birling family's involvement in the death of Eva Smith/Daisy Renton, revealed through Inspector Goole's methodical questioning. The story unfolds as each family member's connection to Eva's downfall comes to light, highlighting themes of social class inequality and collective responsibility. Mr. Birling represents capitalist self-interest, Mrs. Birling embodies upper-class prejudice, Sheila demonstrates the possibility of change, Eric reveals the corruption of privilege, and Gerald Croft illustrates the superficiality of social appearances.
The themes in An Inspector Calls are carefully woven throughout the narrative. Social responsibility emerges as characters grapple with their actions' consequences. Class inequality is portrayed through the stark contrast between the Birlings' privileged lifestyle and Eva Smith's struggles. Gender inequality is explored through the treatment of Eva and Sheila's evolving awareness. The generational divide becomes apparent as the younger characters show more capacity for change than their parents. Time and reality are manipulated through the Inspector's mysterious nature and the play's cyclical ending, suggesting that these social issues transcend any single moment. The play's context of 1912 versus its 1945 premiere adds another layer of meaning, as post-war audiences would have recognized the dangers of unchecked capitalism and social inequality that the Birlings represent. Through these interconnected themes, Priestley crafts a compelling critique of society that remains relevant for modern audiences studying the text for GCSE examinations and beyond.