Eva Smith's Role in "An Inspector Calls"
Eva Smith, though never appearing on stage, is the central character around whom the entire plot of "An Inspector Calls" revolves. Her story is pieced together through the revelations of the Birling family and Gerald Croft, as they are interrogated by Inspector Goole.
Highlight: Eva Smith represents the vulnerable working class in early 20th century Britain, showcasing the impact of social inequality and the lack of responsibility from the upper classes.
Eva's journey begins at Mr. Birling's factory, where she is described as a capable worker. However, her involvement in a strike for better pay leads to her dismissal. This event sets the stage for her subsequent encounters with other characters.
Quote: "She'd had a lot to say - far too much - so she had to go." - Mr. Birling
This quote reveals Mr. Birling's attitude towards workers who speak up for their rights, highlighting the class divide and the powerlessness of the working class.
After losing her job at the factory, Eva finds employment at Milwards, a dress shop. Here, she encounters Sheila Birling, who, in a moment of jealousy, complains about Eva, resulting in her dismissal. This incident showcases how the whims of the upper class could drastically affect the lives of working-class individuals.
Vocabulary: Euphemism - A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.
The Inspector uses a euphemism when referring to Eva's subsequent turn to prostitution, stating that "Now she'd have to try something new." This delicate phrasing highlights the societal taboos surrounding such topics and the desperate measures Eva was forced to take.
Eva's transformation into Daisy Renton marks a significant turning point in her story. As Daisy, she becomes Gerald Croft's mistress, revealing the exploitation of vulnerable women by men in positions of power.
Example: Eva's change of name to Daisy Renton illustrates how she attempts to reinvent herself and escape her past, but ultimately cannot escape the cycle of exploitation.
The play presents Eva/Daisy as a complex character. She is described as "a lively, good-looking girl - country bred," suggesting a certain naivety. However, she is also portrayed as capable and not afraid to speak up for herself and others, as evidenced by her leadership in the strike.
Definition: Country-bred - A term used to describe someone raised in a rural area, often implying a lack of sophistication or worldliness associated with urban life.
Eva's final interaction with the Birling family comes through Mrs. Birling, who rejects her application for charity assistance. This rejection, coming when Eva is pregnant and desperate, pushes her to her final, tragic act of suicide by swallowing disinfectant.
Quote: "She was very pretty and looked as if she could take care of herself." - Sheila Birling
This quote demonstrates how Eva was often judged based on her appearance, with assumptions made about her character and capabilities that ultimately contributed to her downfall.
Through Eva Smith's story, J.B. Priestley critiques the social structures of early 20th century Britain, highlighting the interconnectedness of society and the responsibility each individual bears for their actions towards others. Eva Smith's character analysis reveals her as a symbol of the oppressed working class, a victim of societal prejudices, and a catalyst for the moral awakening of the other characters in the play.