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Getting Started: Hooks and Introductions
Your opening lines are make-or-break moments – they determine whether your reader keeps going or loses interest immediately. Hook techniques like shocking statistics, vivid descriptions, bold opinion statements, or calls to action work brilliantly to draw people in from the first sentence.
Forget writing "In this essay I will..." – that's guaranteed to bore your reader! Instead, jump straight into your argument with confidence and energy. Make it crystal clear what you're arguing about and why anyone should actually care.
Top Tip: If you're a perfectionist struggling to get started, remember it's much easier to improve something you've written than to stare at a blank page forever. Get your ideas down first, then polish them up.
The key is being emphatic and direct. Your introduction should establish your topic, your stance, and use persuasive language that makes your reader want to know more.
Essential Writing Techniques Part 1
Linked conclusions are your secret weapon – they call back to your introduction using similar words, phrases, or techniques to create a satisfying sense of completion. This technique makes your essay feel polished and professional.
Sentence variety keeps your writing dynamic and engaging. Mix statements with rhetorical questions, commands, and even short, punchy sentences that grab attention. A well-placed brief sentence can emphasise a crucial point brilliantly.
Remember: Skilled writers use varied punctuation like colons, semi-colons, parentheses, and ellipses to guide readers through their argument and add power to their ideas.
Sound devices like alliteration can enhance your message – hard sounds (b, p, d, t, k) work well for anger or criticism, while soft sounds (l, m, f) suit gentler emotions. Think "tattered tinsel" or "crumpled crepe" for impact.
Essential Writing Techniques Part 2
Personal pronouns create different effects in your writing. Using "you" involves your reader directly, while "I, me, my" makes your argument feel more personal and intimate, like you're confiding in someone.
Triples, hyperbole, and superlatives are powerhouse persuasive techniques. Group three related words or phrases for emphasis, use deliberate exaggeration to make your point, and choose the strongest possible adjectives to maximize impact.
Key Point: Your tone should be apparent through every word choice and technique you use – if you're being persuasive, make sure your language reflects that attitude consistently.
Emotive and emphatic language helps create the same feelings in your reader that you want them to experience. Words like "trapped in constricted concrete cubicles" paint vivid pictures that stick in people's minds.
Advanced Techniques and Questions
Rhetorical questions are brilliant linking devices when used strategically. Place them as your title, opening sentence, or at paragraph beginnings/endings where you then answer them. A series of questions can show confusion or highlight how much we don't know about a topic.
Imagery through figurative language – similes, metaphors, and personification – brings the ideas in your head to life for your reader. This is often the most effective way to make abstract concepts concrete and memorable.
Smart Strategy: Switch between past, present, and future tenses deliberately. Present tense creates immediacy, while future tense can suggest hope or fear about what might happen.
Repetition and humour can reinforce key points and help readers agree with you, but don't overuse these techniques. Anaphora (repeated sentence openings) is particularly effective for driving home your main argument.
Evidence and Research
Facts, statistics, and expert quotes add serious weight to your arguments – but you need to do your research properly first. Become an expert on your topic by finding reputable sources like professors, officials, or official reports.
Lists and motifs create different effects in your writing. Lists separated by commas or semi-colons suggest variety and quantity, while repeated ideas or images throughout your essay create a sophisticated sense of unity.
Essential Rule: Always research thoroughly before writing. Undisputed truths and solid numbers make your argument much more convincing than opinions alone.
The word bank of connectives gives you tools to link ideas smoothly. Use phrases like "in my opinion" for stating views, "similarly" for comparisons, and "on the contrary" for contrasts to guide your reader through your logic.
Persuasive Writing Mastery
CRAPI FORESTES is your ultimate persuasive writing checklist. The acronym covers Connectives, Repetition, Alliteration, Pronouns, Imperatives plus Facts, Opinions, Rhetorical questions, Emotive language, Superlatives, Triples, Exaggeration, and Statistics.
Results and evidence connectives like "accordingly," "as a consequence," and "for example" help you build logical arguments that flow naturally. When presenting opposing views, use phrases like "some people believe" before countering with "this is clearly a weak line of argument."
Final Reminder: Strong conclusions use phrases like "without question" and "overall" to wrap up your argument definitively while linking back to your opening.
Stating opposing views then countering them shows you've considered different perspectives, making your own argument appear more balanced and thoughtful. This technique often convinces readers more effectively than one-sided arguments.
We thought you’d never ask...
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Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
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That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.8/5
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Master Discursive Writing – National 5 English Tips
Want to write discursive essays that actually grab your reader's attention and make them care about your argument? This guide breaks down all the essential techniques you need to craft compelling, persuasive writing that flows naturally and packs a real... Show more
Getting Started: Hooks and Introductions
Your opening lines are make-or-break moments – they determine whether your reader keeps going or loses interest immediately. Hook techniques like shocking statistics, vivid descriptions, bold opinion statements, or calls to action work brilliantly to draw people in from the first sentence.
Forget writing "In this essay I will..." – that's guaranteed to bore your reader! Instead, jump straight into your argument with confidence and energy. Make it crystal clear what you're arguing about and why anyone should actually care.
Top Tip: If you're a perfectionist struggling to get started, remember it's much easier to improve something you've written than to stare at a blank page forever. Get your ideas down first, then polish them up.
The key is being emphatic and direct. Your introduction should establish your topic, your stance, and use persuasive language that makes your reader want to know more.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Essential Writing Techniques Part 1
Linked conclusions are your secret weapon – they call back to your introduction using similar words, phrases, or techniques to create a satisfying sense of completion. This technique makes your essay feel polished and professional.
Sentence variety keeps your writing dynamic and engaging. Mix statements with rhetorical questions, commands, and even short, punchy sentences that grab attention. A well-placed brief sentence can emphasise a crucial point brilliantly.
Remember: Skilled writers use varied punctuation like colons, semi-colons, parentheses, and ellipses to guide readers through their argument and add power to their ideas.
Sound devices like alliteration can enhance your message – hard sounds (b, p, d, t, k) work well for anger or criticism, while soft sounds (l, m, f) suit gentler emotions. Think "tattered tinsel" or "crumpled crepe" for impact.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Essential Writing Techniques Part 2
Personal pronouns create different effects in your writing. Using "you" involves your reader directly, while "I, me, my" makes your argument feel more personal and intimate, like you're confiding in someone.
Triples, hyperbole, and superlatives are powerhouse persuasive techniques. Group three related words or phrases for emphasis, use deliberate exaggeration to make your point, and choose the strongest possible adjectives to maximize impact.
Key Point: Your tone should be apparent through every word choice and technique you use – if you're being persuasive, make sure your language reflects that attitude consistently.
Emotive and emphatic language helps create the same feelings in your reader that you want them to experience. Words like "trapped in constricted concrete cubicles" paint vivid pictures that stick in people's minds.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Advanced Techniques and Questions
Rhetorical questions are brilliant linking devices when used strategically. Place them as your title, opening sentence, or at paragraph beginnings/endings where you then answer them. A series of questions can show confusion or highlight how much we don't know about a topic.
Imagery through figurative language – similes, metaphors, and personification – brings the ideas in your head to life for your reader. This is often the most effective way to make abstract concepts concrete and memorable.
Smart Strategy: Switch between past, present, and future tenses deliberately. Present tense creates immediacy, while future tense can suggest hope or fear about what might happen.
Repetition and humour can reinforce key points and help readers agree with you, but don't overuse these techniques. Anaphora (repeated sentence openings) is particularly effective for driving home your main argument.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Evidence and Research
Facts, statistics, and expert quotes add serious weight to your arguments – but you need to do your research properly first. Become an expert on your topic by finding reputable sources like professors, officials, or official reports.
Lists and motifs create different effects in your writing. Lists separated by commas or semi-colons suggest variety and quantity, while repeated ideas or images throughout your essay create a sophisticated sense of unity.
Essential Rule: Always research thoroughly before writing. Undisputed truths and solid numbers make your argument much more convincing than opinions alone.
The word bank of connectives gives you tools to link ideas smoothly. Use phrases like "in my opinion" for stating views, "similarly" for comparisons, and "on the contrary" for contrasts to guide your reader through your logic.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Persuasive Writing Mastery
CRAPI FORESTES is your ultimate persuasive writing checklist. The acronym covers Connectives, Repetition, Alliteration, Pronouns, Imperatives plus Facts, Opinions, Rhetorical questions, Emotive language, Superlatives, Triples, Exaggeration, and Statistics.
Results and evidence connectives like "accordingly," "as a consequence," and "for example" help you build logical arguments that flow naturally. When presenting opposing views, use phrases like "some people believe" before countering with "this is clearly a weak line of argument."
Final Reminder: Strong conclusions use phrases like "without question" and "overall" to wrap up your argument definitively while linking back to your opening.
Stating opposing views then countering them shows you've considered different perspectives, making your own argument appear more balanced and thoughtful. This technique often convinces readers more effectively than one-sided arguments.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in English Literature
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user