Greek Theatre: Origins and Structure
Ancient Greek theatre emerged as a significant cultural phenomenon around 700 BC, evolving from religious festivals into a competitive art form that continues to influence modern drama. The term 'theatre' itself originates from the Greek word 'theatron', which translates to 'seeing place', emphasizing the visual nature of the performances.
Vocabulary: Theatron - The Greek word for 'seeing place', from which we derive the English word 'theatre'.
Greek theatrical performances were intrinsically linked to religious celebrations, particularly those honoring Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility. These plays were typically performed only once, unless they were later revived, and were often part of competitions where they would be ranked.
Highlight: Greek plays were usually performed as part of religious festivals honoring Dionysus and were often ranked in competitions.
The physical structure of a Greek theatre was designed to enhance the viewing experience. It consisted of several key components:
- The skene: A building behind the stage used for costume changes and prop storage.
- The chorus area: Located on either side of the stage, where the chorus would stand.
- The audience seating: Arranged in a semi-circle facing the stage.
Definition: Skene - The backstage area in Ancient Greek theatre where actors changed costumes and stored props.
In terms of performers, Greek theatre was exclusively a male domain. Women were not allowed to act, as it was considered too dangerous for them. This meant that men took on all roles, including female characters.
Example: In a performance of Euripides' "Medea", all roles, including that of Medea herself, would have been played by male actors.
The two major genres of Greek drama were Tragedy and Comedy. The earliest known tragedy, "Persai" by Aeschylus, dates back to 472 BC. Notable tragedy playwrights included Sophocles and Euripides, while Aristophanes was renowned for his comedies.
Quote: "One of his plays, Lysistrata can be studied today in A-Level theatre."
An interesting piece of theatrical lore suggests that the first recorded actor was named Thespis, from whom we derive the term 'Thespian' for actors.
Greek actors commonly wore masks with exaggerated facial expressions to convey the emotions of their characters. This was particularly important given that there were usually only three actors per play, often playing multiple roles.
Vocabulary: Thespian - A term for an actor, derived from Thespis, allegedly the first Greek actor.
Finally, Greek theatre adhered to certain conventions, such as not depicting deaths onstage. Instead, deaths would occur offstage, with only the character's voice being heard.
This rich theatrical tradition of Ancient Greek theatre continues to be studied and appreciated today, forming an essential part of drama curricula, including Greek theatre summary for a level students.
