The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS)is England and Wales' principal... Show more
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12 Jun 2023
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Sanii
@saniii.4
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS)is England and Wales' principal... Show more
The Full Code Test is a crucial tool used by the Crown Prosecution Service when deciding whether to prosecute a suspect. This two-stage test is designed to create fairness and consistency in prosecutions across England and Wales.
Definition: The Full Code Test is a two-stage assessment used by the CPS to determine if a case should be prosecuted, consisting of the evidential test and the public interest test.
The two stages of the Full Code Test are:
For the CPS to proceed with a prosecution, a case must pass both stages of the Full Code Test.
The evidential test is the first stage of the Full Code Test. It assesses whether there is sufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction against the defendant.
Key considerations in the evidential test include:
Highlight: The CPS will only prosecute cases when they are sure of the defendant's guilt, supported by strong, admissible evidence.
If a case fails the evidential test, the prosecution does not proceed. This ensures that only cases with a realistic chance of conviction go to court.
Example: In the Damilola Taylor case, the CPS's failure to properly assess the reliability of a key witness and thoroughly examine physical evidence led to multiple trials and a delayed conviction.
After a case passes the evidential test, it moves on to the public interest test. This second stage of the Full Code Test determines whether prosecution is required in the public interest.
Definition: The public interest test assesses whether it is in the best interest of society to prosecute a case, even if there is sufficient evidence to do so.
Factors considered in the public interest test include:
Highlight: More serious offences and those involving vulnerable victims are more likely to be prioritized for prosecution.
The CPS will only proceed with prosecution if the case passes both the evidential and public interest tests. If the public interest does not require prosecution, the CPS may decide not to proceed, but must justify their reasoning.
The case of Abu Hamza, a member of the extremist terrorist group al-Qaeda, provides an interesting example of the public interest test in action.
Example: In the case of Abu Hamza, the CPS initially determined that prosecution was not in the public interest, demonstrating how complex factors can influence the decision to prosecute even in high-profile cases.
This case highlights the nuanced nature of the public interest test and how it can sometimes lead to controversial decisions. It's important to note that such decisions are subject to review and can change if new information or circumstances arise.
Vocabulary: Al-Qaeda is an extremist terrorist group known for its involvement in various international terrorist attacks.
The Full Code Test, comprising both the evidential and public interest tests, ensures that the CPS makes fair, consistent, and justified decisions about which cases to prosecute. This process helps maintain public confidence in the criminal justice system and ensures that resources are used effectively in pursuing justice.
The CPS employs various tools and guidelines for making charging decisions, including CPS charging standards ABH and other specific offense categories.
Vocabulary: CPS charging decision timescale refers to the period within which the CPS must make decisions about proceeding with cases.
The process involves:
Highlight: The Criminal Justice Act 2003 sentencing guidelines provide framework for consistent decision-making.
The Crown Prosecution Service is the principal public prosecuting agency for England and Wales. Established in 1986 following the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985, the CPS was created to ensure objective and fair prosecutions of criminal cases.
Definition: The Crown Prosecution Service is an independent organization responsible for prosecuting criminal cases in England and Wales.
The primary reasons for establishing the CPS were:
Highlight: The creation of the CPS aimed to prevent miscarriages of justice by separating the roles of investigation and prosecution.
The Criminal Justice Act 2003 further defined the CPS's role by giving it the power to charge for all offences, a responsibility previously held by the police. This act laid out rules and guidelines for the Criminal Justice System, including regulations on arrests, bail, cautions, appeals, and charging.
Vocabulary: The Criminal Justice Act 2003 is a piece of legislation that outlines the rules and procedures for the criminal justice system in England and Wales.
The main roles of the CPS include:
Quote: "Duty to ensure right person is prosecuted and bring justice to innocent/wrongfully convicted"
The CPS uses The Code for Crown Prosecutors and the Director of Public Prosecutions' Guidance on Charging when making decisions about prosecutions. This ensures that prosecutors remain fair, objective, and independent in their decision-making process.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sanii
@saniii.4
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is England and Wales' principal public prosecution authority, established through the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 to ensure fair and objective criminal prosecutions.
Key points:
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Full Code Test is a crucial tool used by the Crown Prosecution Service when deciding whether to prosecute a suspect. This two-stage test is designed to create fairness and consistency in prosecutions across England and Wales.
Definition: The Full Code Test is a two-stage assessment used by the CPS to determine if a case should be prosecuted, consisting of the evidential test and the public interest test.
The two stages of the Full Code Test are:
For the CPS to proceed with a prosecution, a case must pass both stages of the Full Code Test.
The evidential test is the first stage of the Full Code Test. It assesses whether there is sufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction against the defendant.
Key considerations in the evidential test include:
Highlight: The CPS will only prosecute cases when they are sure of the defendant's guilt, supported by strong, admissible evidence.
If a case fails the evidential test, the prosecution does not proceed. This ensures that only cases with a realistic chance of conviction go to court.
Example: In the Damilola Taylor case, the CPS's failure to properly assess the reliability of a key witness and thoroughly examine physical evidence led to multiple trials and a delayed conviction.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
After a case passes the evidential test, it moves on to the public interest test. This second stage of the Full Code Test determines whether prosecution is required in the public interest.
Definition: The public interest test assesses whether it is in the best interest of society to prosecute a case, even if there is sufficient evidence to do so.
Factors considered in the public interest test include:
Highlight: More serious offences and those involving vulnerable victims are more likely to be prioritized for prosecution.
The CPS will only proceed with prosecution if the case passes both the evidential and public interest tests. If the public interest does not require prosecution, the CPS may decide not to proceed, but must justify their reasoning.
The case of Abu Hamza, a member of the extremist terrorist group al-Qaeda, provides an interesting example of the public interest test in action.
Example: In the case of Abu Hamza, the CPS initially determined that prosecution was not in the public interest, demonstrating how complex factors can influence the decision to prosecute even in high-profile cases.
This case highlights the nuanced nature of the public interest test and how it can sometimes lead to controversial decisions. It's important to note that such decisions are subject to review and can change if new information or circumstances arise.
Vocabulary: Al-Qaeda is an extremist terrorist group known for its involvement in various international terrorist attacks.
The Full Code Test, comprising both the evidential and public interest tests, ensures that the CPS makes fair, consistent, and justified decisions about which cases to prosecute. This process helps maintain public confidence in the criminal justice system and ensures that resources are used effectively in pursuing justice.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The CPS employs various tools and guidelines for making charging decisions, including CPS charging standards ABH and other specific offense categories.
Vocabulary: CPS charging decision timescale refers to the period within which the CPS must make decisions about proceeding with cases.
The process involves:
Highlight: The Criminal Justice Act 2003 sentencing guidelines provide framework for consistent decision-making.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Crown Prosecution Service is the principal public prosecuting agency for England and Wales. Established in 1986 following the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985, the CPS was created to ensure objective and fair prosecutions of criminal cases.
Definition: The Crown Prosecution Service is an independent organization responsible for prosecuting criminal cases in England and Wales.
The primary reasons for establishing the CPS were:
Highlight: The creation of the CPS aimed to prevent miscarriages of justice by separating the roles of investigation and prosecution.
The Criminal Justice Act 2003 further defined the CPS's role by giving it the power to charge for all offences, a responsibility previously held by the police. This act laid out rules and guidelines for the Criminal Justice System, including regulations on arrests, bail, cautions, appeals, and charging.
Vocabulary: The Criminal Justice Act 2003 is a piece of legislation that outlines the rules and procedures for the criminal justice system in England and Wales.
The main roles of the CPS include:
Quote: "Duty to ensure right person is prosecuted and bring justice to innocent/wrongfully convicted"
The CPS uses The Code for Crown Prosecutors and the Director of Public Prosecutions' Guidance on Charging when making decisions about prosecutions. This ensures that prosecutors remain fair, objective, and independent in their decision-making process.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user