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Luna
10/09/2022
Criminology
Unit 3 - AC1.3: Explain how evidence is processed
How evidence is processed in criminology involves handling both physical and testimonial evidence carefully. Physical evidence like DNA samples must be properly collected, stored, and analyzed in forensic labs. Testimonial evidence from witnesses requires accurate recording and may be presented in court through various means. Proper procedures are critical to ensure evidence admissibility and avoid wrongful convictions.
10/09/2022
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This page further explores the processing of physical and testimonial evidence, including examples of improper handling.
Physical Evidence Storage and Analysis
Proper storage and analysis of physical evidence is crucial for maintaining its integrity and admissibility in court.
Definition: How is physical evidence analyzed involves scientific examination in forensic laboratories using specialized techniques to extract useful information.
Key points on physical evidence analysis:
Example: In the Meredith Kercher case, key DNA evidence was compromised by improper collection techniques, including handling without gloves.
Testimonial Evidence Handling
The proper collection and analysis of testimonial evidence is critical for its use in criminal proceedings.
Vocabulary: How is testimonial evidence transferred to court involves careful documentation and disclosure of witness statements prior to trial.
Key points on testimonial evidence handling:
Highlight: Improperly obtained or analyzed testimonial evidence can lead to wrongful convictions, as in the case of Sally Clark due to flawed expert testimony.
Quote: "There was a one in 73 million chance that there could be two cot deaths within the same family" - Sir Roy Meadow's incorrect expert testimony that led to a false conviction.
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How evidence is processed in criminology involves handling both physical and testimonial evidence carefully. Physical evidence like DNA samples must be properly collected, stored, and analyzed in forensic labs. Testimonial evidence from witnesses requires accurate recording and may be presented in court through various means. Proper procedures are critical to ensure evidence admissibility and avoid wrongful convictions.
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This page further explores the processing of physical and testimonial evidence, including examples of improper handling.
Physical Evidence Storage and Analysis
Proper storage and analysis of physical evidence is crucial for maintaining its integrity and admissibility in court.
Definition: How is physical evidence analyzed involves scientific examination in forensic laboratories using specialized techniques to extract useful information.
Key points on physical evidence analysis:
Example: In the Meredith Kercher case, key DNA evidence was compromised by improper collection techniques, including handling without gloves.
Testimonial Evidence Handling
The proper collection and analysis of testimonial evidence is critical for its use in criminal proceedings.
Vocabulary: How is testimonial evidence transferred to court involves careful documentation and disclosure of witness statements prior to trial.
Key points on testimonial evidence handling:
Highlight: Improperly obtained or analyzed testimonial evidence can lead to wrongful convictions, as in the case of Sally Clark due to flawed expert testimony.
Quote: "There was a one in 73 million chance that there could be two cot deaths within the same family" - Sir Roy Meadow's incorrect expert testimony that led to a false conviction.
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Improve your grades
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This section covers the two main types of evidence in criminology - physical and testimonial - and explains how each is properly processed, stored, and analyzed.
Physical Evidence Processing
Physical evidence includes material items like DNA samples, weapons, or photographs. Its handling is based on Locard's exchange principle that every contact leaves a trace.
Definition: Physical evidence refers to tangible objects or biological samples collected from a crime scene that can be scientifically analyzed.
Key points on processing physical evidence:
Example: In the Meredith Kercher murder case, physical evidence was mishandled when officers improperly collected DNA samples weeks after the crime.
Testimonial Evidence Processing
Testimonial evidence consists of witness statements, expert testimony, and victim accounts.
Vocabulary: How is testimonial evidence analyzed involves carefully recording statements and determining their admissibility in court.
Key points on processing testimonial evidence:
Highlight: Improperly obtained testimonial evidence, like that from entrapment, may be deemed inadmissible in court.
Quote: "Every contact leaves a trace" - Edmond Locard's exchange principle that guides physical evidence collection.
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