Flowchart Symbols and Computer Networks

This section introduces flowchart symbols and basic concepts of computer networks.

Flowchart Symbols The document provides a list of common flowchart symbols and their meanings:

1. Terminator (Oval): Represents start or end points
2. Arrows: Show relationships between shapes
3. Input/Output (Parallelogram): Represents input or output processes
4. Process (Rectangle): Represents a process or action
5. Decision (Diamond): Indicates a decision point
6. Function: Not explicitly defined in the provided text

Highlight: Flowcharts are essential tools for visualizing algorithms and processes in computer science.

Computer Networks The document introduces the concept of computer networks and their types:

Definition: A computer network is two or more computers connected together to share resources, most commonly an Internet connection, but also printers or file servers.

Types of Networks:

1. Local Area Network (LAN):

   • Connects computers in close proximity, usually within one building

2. Wide Area Network (WAN):

   • Connects computers in different buildings, cities, or countries
   • The Internet is an example of a global WAN

Vocabulary: Network topology refers to the structure or arrangement of network elements. Common topologies include bus and star.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) The document briefly mentions HTML:

Definition: HTML is the programming language that enables browsers to display text and graphics on a web page.

Target Audience The concept of target audience is introduced:

Definition: A target audience is the specific group of people for whom a product is made.

Highlight: Understanding networks and HTML is crucial for developing online safety for kids and promoting safe internet use.

Network Topologies and Web Technologies

This section covers specific network configurations and web-related technologies.

Definition: Network topology determines how devices in a network are connected and communicate.

Example: Bus topology connects all devices to a single cable, while star topology connects devices to a central hub.

Vocabulary: HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages.

Binary Number Systems and CPU Components

This section introduces binary number systems and CPU components, which are fundamental concepts in computer science.

Binary Number System The binary system uses only 0s and 1s to represent data, forming the foundation of digital technology. It corresponds to the on/off states in electrical systems.

Definition: Binary is a base-2 number system, while denary (decimal) is a base-10 system.

Binary to Decimal Conversion The document provides a step-by-step example of converting binary to decimal:

Example: Converting 10110110 to decimal

1. Create a table with place values (128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1)
2. Add the values where there's a 1 in the binary number
3. Result: 128 + 32 + 16 + 4 + 2 = 182

Decimal to Binary Conversion A reverse process is explained for converting decimal to binary:

Example: Converting 145 to binary

1. Create a binary table
2. Add 1s from left to right to reach the decimal number
3. Result: 10010001

CPU (Central Processing Unit) The CPU is described as the brain of a computer system, processing data and executing instructions.

Vocabulary: Input devices (e.g., mouse, keyboard) enter data into a computer, while output devices (e.g., monitor, printer) display or output data.

What is a Computer? The document emphasizes that computers are programmable machines found in various everyday devices, not just PCs and laptops.

Highlight: A computer is an electronic device that takes in data/commands, processes it, and outputs the result.