Subjects

Careers

Open the App

Subjects

Fun with Born-Haber Cycle and Lattice Enthalpy!

Open

9

0

B

bv

20/09/2023

Chemistry

thermodyanmics, born-haber cycle, entropy & gibbs free energy | AQA A-Level Physical Chemistry

Subjects

/

Chemistry

/

Physical chemistry

/

Energetics

Fun with Born-Haber Cycle and Lattice Enthalpy!

The Born-Haber cycle and lattice enthalpy calculations are fundamental concepts in understanding the formation and stability of ionic compounds, incorporating various enthalpy changes and thermodynamic principles to predict chemical behavior.

  • The cycle breaks down ionic compound formation into discrete steps including atomization, ionization, and lattice formation
  • Enthalpy changes in ionic compounds thermodynamics involve multiple energy transformations including lattice formation, hydration, and solution enthalpies
  • Theoretical vs experimental lattice enthalpies often differ due to real-world deviations from perfect ionic behavior
  • Entropy and Gibbs free energy complement enthalpy in determining overall reaction feasibility
  • Understanding these concepts helps predict ionic compound stability and solubility
...

20/09/2023

292

3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

View

Theoretical Considerations and Advanced Applications

This section explores the differences between theoretical and experimental values in lattice enthalpy calculations, introducing concepts of polarization and hydration. It also begins discussing entropy's role in chemical processes.

Definition: Enthalpy of Hydration is the energy change when gaseous ions dissolve to form aqueous ions.

Highlight: Theoretical calculations often differ from experimental values due to the assumption of perfect ionic behavior, while real compounds often exhibit some covalent character.

Example: The solubility of ionic compounds depends on the balance between hydration energy of ions and lattice energy of the compound.

Vocabulary:

  • Polarisation: Distortion of electron clouds in ions
  • Entropy: Measure of molecular disorder and energy distribution
3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

View

Entropy and Stability Considerations

This section delves deep into entropy's role in chemical stability and reaction spontaneity. It covers various factors affecting entropy and provides detailed calculation methods.

Definition: Entropy represents the number of ways molecules can be arranged and their energy distributed.

Highlight: Higher disorder generally leads to greater stability, following the pattern: Gas > Liquid > Solid.

Example: Calculation of entropy change: CaCO₃ss → CaOss + CO₂gg ΔS = 254 - 93 = 161 J/K/mol

Vocabulary: Standard conditions for entropy measurements:

  • 1 atm pressure
  • 298K temperature
3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

View

Gibbs Free Energy and Reaction Feasibility

This section explains how Gibbs free energy combines entropy and enthalpy to determine reaction feasibility. It provides practical guidelines for predicting reaction spontaneity.

Definition: Gibbs free energy ΔGΔG represents the balance between entropy and enthalpy: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Highlight: A negative ΔG indicates a feasible reaction, while a positive ΔG indicates an unfeasible reaction.

Example: When calculating ΔG, entropy values must be converted from J/mol/K to kJ/mol/K by multiplying by 10⁻³.

Quote: "The balance between entropy and enthalpy determines the feasibility of a reaction."

Similar content

Know Chemistry definition list a level thumbnail

47

785

12/13

Chemistry definition list a level

Aqa

Know ENERGETICS| AQA AS Physical Chemistry thumbnail

12

462

12/13

ENERGETICS| AQA AS Physical Chemistry

Includes notes on: enthalpy change, endothermic and exothermic reactions, standard conditions, Hess's law and calorimetry

Know 4.4 Hess Law thumbnail

2

44

12/13

4.4 Hess Law

Summary of 4.4 Hess Law

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average app rating

21 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 17 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.

Subjects

Chemistry

Physical chemistry

Energetics

 

Chemistry

•

292

•

20 Sept 2023

•

4 pages

Fun with Born-Haber Cycle and Lattice Enthalpy!

B

bv

@bv

The Born-Haber cycle and lattice enthalpy calculations are fundamental concepts in understanding the formation and stability of ionic compounds, incorporating various enthalpy changes and thermodynamic principles to predict chemical behavior.

  • The cycle breaks down ionic compound formation into discrete steps... Show more

3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Theoretical Considerations and Advanced Applications

This section explores the differences between theoretical and experimental values in lattice enthalpy calculations, introducing concepts of polarization and hydration. It also begins discussing entropy's role in chemical processes.

Definition: Enthalpy of Hydration is the energy change when gaseous ions dissolve to form aqueous ions.

Highlight: Theoretical calculations often differ from experimental values due to the assumption of perfect ionic behavior, while real compounds often exhibit some covalent character.

Example: The solubility of ionic compounds depends on the balance between hydration energy of ions and lattice energy of the compound.

Vocabulary:

  • Polarisation: Distortion of electron clouds in ions
  • Entropy: Measure of molecular disorder and energy distribution
3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Entropy and Stability Considerations

This section delves deep into entropy's role in chemical stability and reaction spontaneity. It covers various factors affecting entropy and provides detailed calculation methods.

Definition: Entropy represents the number of ways molecules can be arranged and their energy distributed.

Highlight: Higher disorder generally leads to greater stability, following the pattern: Gas > Liquid > Solid.

Example: Calculation of entropy change: CaCO₃ss → CaOss + CO₂gg ΔS = 254 - 93 = 161 J/K/mol

Vocabulary: Standard conditions for entropy measurements:

  • 1 atm pressure
  • 298K temperature
3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Gibbs Free Energy and Reaction Feasibility

This section explains how Gibbs free energy combines entropy and enthalpy to determine reaction feasibility. It provides practical guidelines for predicting reaction spontaneity.

Definition: Gibbs free energy ΔGΔG represents the balance between entropy and enthalpy: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Highlight: A negative ΔG indicates a feasible reaction, while a positive ΔG indicates an unfeasible reaction.

Example: When calculating ΔG, entropy values must be converted from J/mol/K to kJ/mol/K by multiplying by 10⁻³.

Quote: "The balance between entropy and enthalpy determines the feasibility of a reaction."

3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Born-Haber Cycles and Basic Definitions

This section introduces fundamental concepts related to lattice enthalpy and various types of energy changes in ionic compounds. The Born-Haber cycle is presented as a method to calculate enthalpy changes from experimental data by breaking down ionic reactions into sequential steps.

Definition: Lattice enthalpy represents either the energy required to break apart an ionic crystal dissociationdissociation or the energy released when gaseous ions combine to form a crystal formationformation.

Example: For sodium chloride formation: Na+gg + Cl-gg → NaClss

Vocabulary: Key terms include:

  • Enthalpy of Formation: Energy change when forming a compound from elements
  • Ionization Energy: Energy required to remove electrons from atoms
  • Enthalpy of Atomization: Energy to convert elements to gaseous atoms
  • Electron Affinity: Energy change when atoms accept electrons

Highlight: The Born-Haber cycle provides a systematic approach to understanding the energetics of ionic compound formation through multiple discrete steps.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user