Subjects

Subjects

More

Search

AI Knowunity

Subjects

/

Chemistry

/

Physical chemistry

/

Energetics

Fun with Born-Haber Cycle and Lattice Enthalpy!

View

Fun with Born-Haber Cycle and Lattice Enthalpy!
user profile picture

bv

@bv

·

30 Followers

Follow

The Born-Haber cycle and lattice enthalpy calculations are fundamental concepts in understanding the formation and stability of ionic compounds, incorporating various enthalpy changes and thermodynamic principles to predict chemical behavior.

  • The cycle breaks down ionic compound formation into discrete steps including atomization, ionization, and lattice formation
  • Enthalpy changes in ionic compounds thermodynamics involve multiple energy transformations including lattice formation, hydration, and solution enthalpies
  • Theoretical vs experimental lattice enthalpies often differ due to real-world deviations from perfect ionic behavior
  • Entropy and Gibbs free energy complement enthalpy in determining overall reaction feasibility
  • Understanding these concepts helps predict ionic compound stability and solubility

20/09/2023

249

3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

View

Theoretical Considerations and Advanced Applications

This section explores the differences between theoretical and experimental values in lattice enthalpy calculations, introducing concepts of polarization and hydration. It also begins discussing entropy's role in chemical processes.

Definition: Enthalpy of Hydration is the energy change when gaseous ions dissolve to form aqueous ions.

Highlight: Theoretical calculations often differ from experimental values due to the assumption of perfect ionic behavior, while real compounds often exhibit some covalent character.

Example: The solubility of ionic compounds depends on the balance between hydration energy of ions and lattice energy of the compound.

Vocabulary:

  • Polarisation: Distortion of electron clouds in ions
  • Entropy: Measure of molecular disorder and energy distribution
3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

View

Entropy and Stability Considerations

This section delves deep into entropy's role in chemical stability and reaction spontaneity. It covers various factors affecting entropy and provides detailed calculation methods.

Definition: Entropy represents the number of ways molecules can be arranged and their energy distributed.

Highlight: Higher disorder generally leads to greater stability, following the pattern: Gas > Liquid > Solid.

Example: Calculation of entropy change: CaCO₃(s) → CaO(s) + CO₂(g) ΔS = 254 - 93 = 161 J/K/mol

Vocabulary: Standard conditions for entropy measurements:

  • 1 atm pressure
  • 298K temperature
3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

View

Gibbs Free Energy and Reaction Feasibility

This section explains how Gibbs free energy combines entropy and enthalpy to determine reaction feasibility. It provides practical guidelines for predicting reaction spontaneity.

Definition: Gibbs free energy (ΔG) represents the balance between entropy and enthalpy: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Highlight: A negative ΔG indicates a feasible reaction, while a positive ΔG indicates an unfeasible reaction.

Example: When calculating ΔG, entropy values must be converted from J/mol/K to kJ/mol/K by multiplying by 10⁻³.

Quote: "The balance between entropy and enthalpy determines the feasibility of a reaction."

3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

View

Born-Haber Cycles and Basic Definitions

This section introduces fundamental concepts related to lattice enthalpy and various types of energy changes in ionic compounds. The Born-Haber cycle is presented as a method to calculate enthalpy changes from experimental data by breaking down ionic reactions into sequential steps.

Definition: Lattice enthalpy represents either the energy required to break apart an ionic crystal (dissociation) or the energy released when gaseous ions combine to form a crystal (formation).

Example: For sodium chloride formation: Na+(g) + Cl-(g) → NaCl(s)

Vocabulary: Key terms include:

  • Enthalpy of Formation: Energy change when forming a compound from elements
  • Ionization Energy: Energy required to remove electrons from atoms
  • Enthalpy of Atomization: Energy to convert elements to gaseous atoms
  • Electron Affinity: Energy change when atoms accept electrons

Highlight: The Born-Haber cycle provides a systematic approach to understanding the energetics of ionic compound formation through multiple discrete steps.

Similar content

Know Chemistry definition list a level thumbnail

29

411

12/13

Chemistry definition list a level

Aqa

Know 4.4 Hess Law thumbnail

2

43

12/13

4.4 Hess Law

Summary of 4.4 Hess Law

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average app rating

15 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 12 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Subjects

/

Chemistry

/

Physical chemistry

/

Energetics

Fun with Born-Haber Cycle and Lattice Enthalpy!

user profile picture

bv

@bv

·

30 Followers

Follow

The Born-Haber cycle and lattice enthalpy calculations are fundamental concepts in understanding the formation and stability of ionic compounds, incorporating various enthalpy changes and thermodynamic principles to predict chemical behavior.

  • The cycle breaks down ionic compound formation into discrete steps including atomization, ionization, and lattice formation
  • Enthalpy changes in ionic compounds thermodynamics involve multiple energy transformations including lattice formation, hydration, and solution enthalpies
  • Theoretical vs experimental lattice enthalpies often differ due to real-world deviations from perfect ionic behavior
  • Entropy and Gibbs free energy complement enthalpy in determining overall reaction feasibility
  • Understanding these concepts helps predict ionic compound stability and solubility

20/09/2023

249

 

12/13

 

Chemistry

8

3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

Theoretical Considerations and Advanced Applications

This section explores the differences between theoretical and experimental values in lattice enthalpy calculations, introducing concepts of polarization and hydration. It also begins discussing entropy's role in chemical processes.

Definition: Enthalpy of Hydration is the energy change when gaseous ions dissolve to form aqueous ions.

Highlight: Theoretical calculations often differ from experimental values due to the assumption of perfect ionic behavior, while real compounds often exhibit some covalent character.

Example: The solubility of ionic compounds depends on the balance between hydration energy of ions and lattice energy of the compound.

Vocabulary:

  • Polarisation: Distortion of electron clouds in ions
  • Entropy: Measure of molecular disorder and energy distribution
3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

Entropy and Stability Considerations

This section delves deep into entropy's role in chemical stability and reaction spontaneity. It covers various factors affecting entropy and provides detailed calculation methods.

Definition: Entropy represents the number of ways molecules can be arranged and their energy distributed.

Highlight: Higher disorder generally leads to greater stability, following the pattern: Gas > Liquid > Solid.

Example: Calculation of entropy change: CaCO₃(s) → CaO(s) + CO₂(g) ΔS = 254 - 93 = 161 J/K/mol

Vocabulary: Standard conditions for entropy measurements:

  • 1 atm pressure
  • 298K temperature
3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

Gibbs Free Energy and Reaction Feasibility

This section explains how Gibbs free energy combines entropy and enthalpy to determine reaction feasibility. It provides practical guidelines for predicting reaction spontaneity.

Definition: Gibbs free energy (ΔG) represents the balance between entropy and enthalpy: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Highlight: A negative ΔG indicates a feasible reaction, while a positive ΔG indicates an unfeasible reaction.

Example: When calculating ΔG, entropy values must be converted from J/mol/K to kJ/mol/K by multiplying by 10⁻³.

Quote: "The balance between entropy and enthalpy determines the feasibility of a reaction."

3.1.8.1 Born-Haber Cycles Lattice enthalpy (AH) can be defined as either enthalpy of lattice dissociation or enthalpy of lattice formation.

Born-Haber Cycles and Basic Definitions

This section introduces fundamental concepts related to lattice enthalpy and various types of energy changes in ionic compounds. The Born-Haber cycle is presented as a method to calculate enthalpy changes from experimental data by breaking down ionic reactions into sequential steps.

Definition: Lattice enthalpy represents either the energy required to break apart an ionic crystal (dissociation) or the energy released when gaseous ions combine to form a crystal (formation).

Example: For sodium chloride formation: Na+(g) + Cl-(g) → NaCl(s)

Vocabulary: Key terms include:

  • Enthalpy of Formation: Energy change when forming a compound from elements
  • Ionization Energy: Energy required to remove electrons from atoms
  • Enthalpy of Atomization: Energy to convert elements to gaseous atoms
  • Electron Affinity: Energy change when atoms accept electrons

Highlight: The Born-Haber cycle provides a systematic approach to understanding the energetics of ionic compound formation through multiple discrete steps.

Similar content

Chemistry - Chemistry definition list a level

Aqa

29

411

0

Know Chemistry definition list a level thumbnail

Chemistry - 4.4 Hess Law

Summary of 4.4 Hess Law

2

43

0

Know 4.4 Hess Law thumbnail

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average app rating

15 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 12 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.