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Free GCSE & A-Level Chemistry Revision Notes PDF – Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Separating Mixtures

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iona

18/06/2023

Chemistry

science revision

Free GCSE & A-Level Chemistry Revision Notes PDF – Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Separating Mixtures

Chemistry and Physics Comprehensive Study Guide - A detailed exploration of fundamental concepts in atomic structure, chemical reactions, electrical circuits, and energy transfer.

• Covers essential topics from atomic structure and chemical formulas to electrical circuits and heat transfer mechanisms
• Includes detailed explanations of atoms, molecules and ions and their interactions
• Features practical examples of separating mixtures techniques in science
• Contains comprehensive sections on electrical circuits and energy transfer principles
• Incorporates mathematical calculations and equation balancing exercises

...

18/06/2023

453

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

View

Formulae and Separating Mixtures

This page covers chemical formulae exercises and introduces techniques for separating mixtures, which are essential topics in GCSE Chemistry revision notes.

The page begins with examples of chemical reactions and their resulting compounds:

Example: Sodium + Chlorine → Sodium Chloride

It then focuses on separating mixtures, emphasizing that mixtures consist of substances that are not chemically joined.

Definition: A mixture is made out of substances that are NOT chemically joined.

The page details the filtration process, a key separating mixtures technique in science:

  1. Set up a beaker with solids and liquids
  2. Pour the mixture into a funnel lined with filter paper
  3. Liquids drip through while solid particles are caught in the filter paper

Highlight: Other separation techniques mentioned include evaporation and simple distillation.

This information is crucial for understanding separating mixtures techniques in science, particularly for GCSE Chemistry students.

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

View

Chemical and Physical Changes

This page delves into the differences between chemical and physical changes, and introduces important calculations in chemistry. It's an essential part of GCSE Chemistry revision notes.

Definition: Chemical change occurs when a chemical reaction takes place, rearranging atoms to form new chemicals without creating or destroying atoms.

Definition: Physical change is when a substance changes without becoming a new chemical, often occurring during processes like melting, freezing, boiling, condensing, and dissolving.

The page also covers key calculations and equations:

Highlight: 1 mole = 6.02 x 10²³ particles

It introduces concepts like molar volume, yield, and atom economy, which are crucial for A Level Chemistry Revision.

Example: Molar volume at room temperature and pressure rtprtp = 24dm³

The page also includes a formula for calculating average relative formula mass:

Ar = √M1xα1M₁ x α₁ + M2xα2M₂ x α₂ / 100

This information provides a solid foundation for understanding chemical reactions and calculations, essential for both GCSE and A Level Chemistry students.

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

View

Balancing Equations

This page focuses on the crucial skill of balancing chemical equations, which is a fundamental concept in GCSE Chemistry revision notes.

The page provides several examples of unbalanced equations and demonstrates how to balance them:

Example: KOH + CO₂ → K₂CO₃ + H₂O

To balance this equation:

  1. Count the number of each type of atom on both sides
  2. Add coefficients to ensure equal numbers of each atom type on both sides

Highlight: When balancing equations, the number of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of the arrow.

The page includes more complex examples, such as:

Example: Al + H₂SO₄ → Al₂SO4SO₄₃ + H₂

This exercise in balancing equations helps students develop a crucial skill for understanding chemical reactions and stoichiometry, which is essential for both GCSE and A Level Chemistry studies.

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

View

Electric Circuits

This page introduces the basics of electric circuits, covering standard symbols, series and parallel circuits, and measurements. This topic is crucial for GCSE Physics revision notes.

Vocabulary: The page provides a comprehensive list of standard symbols used in circuit diagrams, including switches, lamps, resistors, power supplies, and more.

The page explains the differences between series and parallel circuits:

Definition: In a series circuit, if one component breaks, the entire circuit stops working. In a parallel circuit, if one component breaks, the others continue to function.

Highlight: In a series circuit, the current remains the same throughout, and voltages add up to the supply voltage. In a parallel circuit, the voltage is the same across each branch, and the sum of currents in each branch equals the supply current.

The page also covers measuring current and voltage, introducing Ohm's law:

V = I x R Voltage=CurrentxResistanceVoltage = Current x Resistance

This information provides a solid foundation for understanding electric circuits, which is essential for GCSE Physics students.

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

View

Resistance and Generating Electricity

This page continues the discussion on electric circuits, focusing on resistance calculations and introduces the concept of generating electricity. It's an important part of GCSE Physics revision notes.

The page provides several examples of resistance calculations using Ohm's law:

Example: If V = 3.6V and I = 0.2A, then R = V/I = 3.6/0.2 = 18Ω

It also includes more complex calculations involving multiple resistors:

Example: For resistors in series, Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3

The page briefly touches on the topic of generating electricity, which is a crucial concept in physics and energy studies.

This information helps students understand the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance, and introduces them to the broader topic of electricity generation, which is essential for GCSE Physics studies.

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

View

Energy Efficiency and Electrical Safety

This page covers topics related to energy efficiency in homes and electrical safety, which are important practical applications of physics concepts.

The page begins with a discussion on loft insulation:

Example: Glass fibre insulation is placed on the floor of the loft. It contains trapped air, which is a poor heat conductor, reducing heat losses and convection currents in the roof space.

The page then moves on to electrical safety, explaining the function of different wires in electrical systems:

Definition: A fuse breaks the circuit if a fault in a device causes too much current to flow. It contains a wire that heats up and melts if there is excessive current.

Vocabulary:

  • Live wire: Carries current to the house/appliance at a high voltage brownwirebrown wire
  • Neutral wire: Completes the circuit and carries current away at low/zero voltage bluewireblue wire
  • Earth wire: Can carry current safely into the ground if a fault develops greenandyellowstripedwiregreen and yellow striped wire

This information is crucial for understanding energy efficiency and electrical safety, which are important practical applications of physics concepts for GCSE Physics students.

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

View

Page 7: Electrical Safety and Insulation

This page focuses on electrical safety features and insulation principles.

Definition: A fuse is defined as a safety device that breaks the circuit if excessive current flows.

Vocabulary: Live wire brownbrown carries high voltage current, neutral wire blueblue completes the circuit at zero voltage.

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Chemistry

453

18 Jun 2023

8 pages

Free GCSE & A-Level Chemistry Revision Notes PDF – Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Separating Mixtures

user profile picture

iona

@mickeymouse.578

Chemistry and Physics Comprehensive Study Guide - A detailed exploration of fundamental concepts in atomic structure, chemical reactions, electrical circuits, and energy transfer.

• Covers essential topics from atomic structure and chemical formulas to electrical circuits and heat transfer mechanisms... Show more

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Formulae and Separating Mixtures

This page covers chemical formulae exercises and introduces techniques for separating mixtures, which are essential topics in GCSE Chemistry revision notes.

The page begins with examples of chemical reactions and their resulting compounds:

Example: Sodium + Chlorine → Sodium Chloride

It then focuses on separating mixtures, emphasizing that mixtures consist of substances that are not chemically joined.

Definition: A mixture is made out of substances that are NOT chemically joined.

The page details the filtration process, a key separating mixtures technique in science:

  1. Set up a beaker with solids and liquids
  2. Pour the mixture into a funnel lined with filter paper
  3. Liquids drip through while solid particles are caught in the filter paper

Highlight: Other separation techniques mentioned include evaporation and simple distillation.

This information is crucial for understanding separating mixtures techniques in science, particularly for GCSE Chemistry students.

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Chemical and Physical Changes

This page delves into the differences between chemical and physical changes, and introduces important calculations in chemistry. It's an essential part of GCSE Chemistry revision notes.

Definition: Chemical change occurs when a chemical reaction takes place, rearranging atoms to form new chemicals without creating or destroying atoms.

Definition: Physical change is when a substance changes without becoming a new chemical, often occurring during processes like melting, freezing, boiling, condensing, and dissolving.

The page also covers key calculations and equations:

Highlight: 1 mole = 6.02 x 10²³ particles

It introduces concepts like molar volume, yield, and atom economy, which are crucial for A Level Chemistry Revision.

Example: Molar volume at room temperature and pressure rtprtp = 24dm³

The page also includes a formula for calculating average relative formula mass:

Ar = √M1xα1M₁ x α₁ + M2xα2M₂ x α₂ / 100

This information provides a solid foundation for understanding chemical reactions and calculations, essential for both GCSE and A Level Chemistry students.

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Balancing Equations

This page focuses on the crucial skill of balancing chemical equations, which is a fundamental concept in GCSE Chemistry revision notes.

The page provides several examples of unbalanced equations and demonstrates how to balance them:

Example: KOH + CO₂ → K₂CO₃ + H₂O

To balance this equation:

  1. Count the number of each type of atom on both sides
  2. Add coefficients to ensure equal numbers of each atom type on both sides

Highlight: When balancing equations, the number of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of the arrow.

The page includes more complex examples, such as:

Example: Al + H₂SO₄ → Al₂SO4SO₄₃ + H₂

This exercise in balancing equations helps students develop a crucial skill for understanding chemical reactions and stoichiometry, which is essential for both GCSE and A Level Chemistry studies.

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Electric Circuits

This page introduces the basics of electric circuits, covering standard symbols, series and parallel circuits, and measurements. This topic is crucial for GCSE Physics revision notes.

Vocabulary: The page provides a comprehensive list of standard symbols used in circuit diagrams, including switches, lamps, resistors, power supplies, and more.

The page explains the differences between series and parallel circuits:

Definition: In a series circuit, if one component breaks, the entire circuit stops working. In a parallel circuit, if one component breaks, the others continue to function.

Highlight: In a series circuit, the current remains the same throughout, and voltages add up to the supply voltage. In a parallel circuit, the voltage is the same across each branch, and the sum of currents in each branch equals the supply current.

The page also covers measuring current and voltage, introducing Ohm's law:

V = I x R Voltage=CurrentxResistanceVoltage = Current x Resistance

This information provides a solid foundation for understanding electric circuits, which is essential for GCSE Physics students.

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Resistance and Generating Electricity

This page continues the discussion on electric circuits, focusing on resistance calculations and introduces the concept of generating electricity. It's an important part of GCSE Physics revision notes.

The page provides several examples of resistance calculations using Ohm's law:

Example: If V = 3.6V and I = 0.2A, then R = V/I = 3.6/0.2 = 18Ω

It also includes more complex calculations involving multiple resistors:

Example: For resistors in series, Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3

The page briefly touches on the topic of generating electricity, which is a crucial concept in physics and energy studies.

This information helps students understand the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance, and introduces them to the broader topic of electricity generation, which is essential for GCSE Physics studies.

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Energy Efficiency and Electrical Safety

This page covers topics related to energy efficiency in homes and electrical safety, which are important practical applications of physics concepts.

The page begins with a discussion on loft insulation:

Example: Glass fibre insulation is placed on the floor of the loft. It contains trapped air, which is a poor heat conductor, reducing heat losses and convection currents in the roof space.

The page then moves on to electrical safety, explaining the function of different wires in electrical systems:

Definition: A fuse breaks the circuit if a fault in a device causes too much current to flow. It contains a wire that heats up and melts if there is excessive current.

Vocabulary:

  • Live wire: Carries current to the house/appliance at a high voltage brownwirebrown wire
  • Neutral wire: Completes the circuit and carries current away at low/zero voltage bluewireblue wire
  • Earth wire: Can carry current safely into the ground if a fault develops greenandyellowstripedwiregreen and yellow striped wire

This information is crucial for understanding energy efficiency and electrical safety, which are important practical applications of physics concepts for GCSE Physics students.

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Page 7: Electrical Safety and Insulation

This page focuses on electrical safety features and insulation principles.

Definition: A fuse is defined as a safety device that breaks the circuit if excessive current flows.

Vocabulary: Live wire brownbrown carries high voltage current, neutral wire blueblue completes the circuit at zero voltage.

atom, molecule, ions
CHEMISTRY
BENSION
Elements, compound
and formulae.
An alom is the smallest particle of an element
A molecule is a clust

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

This page introduces fundamental concepts in chemistry, focusing on the building blocks of matter. It covers atoms, molecules, ions, elements, compounds, and mixtures.

Definition: An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains its properties.

Definition: A molecule is a cluster of non-metal atoms chemically bonded together in fixed ratios.

The page explains that atoms can lose or gain electrons to form ions, which are electrically charged particles. It also distinguishes between elements, compounds, and mixtures:

Highlight: Elements are pure substances with only one type of atom, compounds are pure substances made from more than one type of element chemically bonded together, and mixtures are impure substances made from different elements or compounds that are not chemically joined.

Example: Air is a mixture containing elements like nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, as well as compounds like carbon dioxide.

This information provides a solid foundation for understanding atoms, molecules and ions and their relationships, which is crucial for GCSE Chemistry revision.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

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Paul T

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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user