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Free Comprehensive GCSE Chemistry Revision Notes PDF - AQA, WJEC, IGCSE

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Isabel

01/04/2023

Chemistry

GCSE Chemistry Revision Notes

Free Comprehensive GCSE Chemistry Revision Notes PDF - AQA, WJEC, IGCSE

GCSE Chemistry revision guide focusing on polymerisation and plastic materials provides comprehensive coverage of addition reactions and polymer properties.

Key points:

  • Detailed explanation of addition polymerisation process and formation of common plastics
  • Coverage of thermoplastic and thermosetting materials with their distinct properties
  • Analysis of reactions involving alkenes, including hydrogenation and bromination
  • Practical applications and environmental considerations of different polymer types
  • Specific examples including polythene, PVC, and PTFE with their molecular structures

Highlight: Essential content for WJEC Chemistry Unit 2 and AQA GCSE Chemistry paper 1 syllabi

...

01/04/2023

1225

Chemistry
1) Describe
what happens.
the production of polythene.
It is
they
which
Addition
3) Name
from ethene!
4) Give
Plastic
carbon
doubl

View

Types of Plastics and Their Properties

This page delves into the different types of plastics and their properties, which is crucial information for AQA GCSE Chemistry paper 1 revision.

The page introduces two main categories of plastics:

  1. Thermosoftening plastics (thermoplastics): These plastics soften when heated and can be reshaped.

  2. Thermosetting plastics: These do not soften when heated and are used in applications where heat resistance is important.

Example: Thermosetting plastics are used in items like kettles, plugs, and laptop chargers due to their heat resistance.

The page then focuses on the effect of heat on thermoplastics. When heat is applied, the weak bonds between the polymer chains break, allowing the chains to slide over each other. This results in the plastic becoming malleable and able to be reshaped.

Vocabulary: Malleable - Able to be shaped or molded easily.

The structural differences between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics are also explained. Thermosetting plastics have cross-linking between polymer chains, which gives them their heat-resistant properties.

Chemistry
1) Describe
what happens.
the production of polythene.
It is
they
which
Addition
3) Name
from ethene!
4) Give
Plastic
carbon
doubl

View

Examples of Addition Polymerisation

This page provides specific examples of addition polymerisation, which is essential knowledge for WJEC Chemistry Bonding, structure and properties topics.

Four main examples of addition polymerisation are presented:

  1. Polythene (polyethene): Formed from ethene monomers.
  2. Polypropene: Formed from propene monomers.
  3. Polyvinylchloride (PVC): Formed from vinyl chloride monomers.
  4. Polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE): Formed from tetrafluoroethene monomers.

Highlight: In all these examples, the double bond in the monomer is broken during polymerisation, creating a spare bond that joins the molecules together.

For each example, the page shows the chemical structure of the monomer and the resulting polymer. This visual representation helps students understand how the monomers link together to form the polymer chain.

Definition: A monomer is a small reactive organic molecule containing a carbon-carbon double bond.

The page emphasizes that all these examples are addition polymerisation reactions, where only one product (the polymer) is formed.

Vocabulary: Saturated hydrocarbon - A hydrocarbon compound where all carbon atoms are joined by single bonds.

Chemistry
1) Describe
what happens.
the production of polythene.
It is
they
which
Addition
3) Name
from ethene!
4) Give
Plastic
carbon
doubl

View

Properties and Uses of Plastics

This final page focuses on the properties and uses of different types of plastics, which is crucial information for WJEC Chemistry knowledge organisers.

The page begins by emphasizing the importance of plastics and how they can be engineered for specific uses based on their properties.

Two main categories of plastics are reiterated:

  1. Thermosoftening plastics (thermoplastics): These soften when heated and can be reshaped.
  2. Thermosetting plastics: These do not soften when heated and are used where heat resistance is important.

Example: Thermosetting plastics are used in items like kettles, plugs, and laptop chargers. Examples include melamine, bakelite, and polyurethanes.

The page then provides detailed information on the properties and uses of common thermosoftening plastics:

  1. Polypropylene:

    • Properties: Light, hard but scratches easily, tough, good chemical resistance, resists work fatigue.
    • Uses: Medical equipment, laboratory equipment, containers with built-in hinges, plastic seats, string, rope, kitchen equipment.
  2. Polystyrene:

    • Properties: Light, hard, stiff, transparent, brittle, good water resistance.
    • Uses: Toys (especially model kits), packaging, plastic boxes and containers.
  3. Low Density Polyethene (LDPE):

    • Properties: Tough, good chemical resistance, flexible, fairly soft, good electrical insulator.
    • Uses: Packaging, especially bottles, toys, packaging film and bags.
  4. High Density Polyethene (HDPE):

    • Properties: Hard, stiff, able to be sterilized.
    • Uses: Plastic bottles, tubing, household items.

Highlight: The properties of each plastic are closely linked to its uses, demonstrating how materials are chosen for specific applications based on their characteristics.

This information is particularly useful for understanding the practical applications of chemistry in everyday life, a key aspect of GCSE Chemistry summary notes.

Chemistry
1) Describe
what happens.
the production of polythene.
It is
they
which
Addition
3) Name
from ethene!
4) Give
Plastic
carbon
doubl

View

Page 5: Plastic Properties and Applications

This final section categorizes plastics and details their specific properties and applications in various industries.

Definition: Thermosoftening plastics can be reshaped when heated, while thermosetting plastics maintain their shape.

Example: Polypropylene is used in medical equipment and laboratory containers due to its chemical resistance.

Highlight: Different types of polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE) serve distinct purposes based on their properties.

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Chemistry

1,225

1 Apr 2023

5 pages

Free Comprehensive GCSE Chemistry Revision Notes PDF - AQA, WJEC, IGCSE

I

Isabel

@isabel.nia04

GCSE Chemistry revision guide focusing on polymerisation and plastic materials provides comprehensive coverage of addition reactions and polymer properties.

Key points:

  • Detailed explanation of addition polymerisation process and formation of common plastics
  • Coverage of thermoplastic and thermosetting materials with their... Show more
Chemistry
1) Describe
what happens.
the production of polythene.
It is
they
which
Addition
3) Name
from ethene!
4) Give
Plastic
carbon
doubl

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Types of Plastics and Their Properties

This page delves into the different types of plastics and their properties, which is crucial information for AQA GCSE Chemistry paper 1 revision.

The page introduces two main categories of plastics:

  1. Thermosoftening plastics (thermoplastics): These plastics soften when heated and can be reshaped.

  2. Thermosetting plastics: These do not soften when heated and are used in applications where heat resistance is important.

Example: Thermosetting plastics are used in items like kettles, plugs, and laptop chargers due to their heat resistance.

The page then focuses on the effect of heat on thermoplastics. When heat is applied, the weak bonds between the polymer chains break, allowing the chains to slide over each other. This results in the plastic becoming malleable and able to be reshaped.

Vocabulary: Malleable - Able to be shaped or molded easily.

The structural differences between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics are also explained. Thermosetting plastics have cross-linking between polymer chains, which gives them their heat-resistant properties.

Chemistry
1) Describe
what happens.
the production of polythene.
It is
they
which
Addition
3) Name
from ethene!
4) Give
Plastic
carbon
doubl

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Examples of Addition Polymerisation

This page provides specific examples of addition polymerisation, which is essential knowledge for WJEC Chemistry Bonding, structure and properties topics.

Four main examples of addition polymerisation are presented:

  1. Polythene (polyethene): Formed from ethene monomers.
  2. Polypropene: Formed from propene monomers.
  3. Polyvinylchloride (PVC): Formed from vinyl chloride monomers.
  4. Polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE): Formed from tetrafluoroethene monomers.

Highlight: In all these examples, the double bond in the monomer is broken during polymerisation, creating a spare bond that joins the molecules together.

For each example, the page shows the chemical structure of the monomer and the resulting polymer. This visual representation helps students understand how the monomers link together to form the polymer chain.

Definition: A monomer is a small reactive organic molecule containing a carbon-carbon double bond.

The page emphasizes that all these examples are addition polymerisation reactions, where only one product (the polymer) is formed.

Vocabulary: Saturated hydrocarbon - A hydrocarbon compound where all carbon atoms are joined by single bonds.

Chemistry
1) Describe
what happens.
the production of polythene.
It is
they
which
Addition
3) Name
from ethene!
4) Give
Plastic
carbon
doubl

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Properties and Uses of Plastics

This final page focuses on the properties and uses of different types of plastics, which is crucial information for WJEC Chemistry knowledge organisers.

The page begins by emphasizing the importance of plastics and how they can be engineered for specific uses based on their properties.

Two main categories of plastics are reiterated:

  1. Thermosoftening plastics (thermoplastics): These soften when heated and can be reshaped.
  2. Thermosetting plastics: These do not soften when heated and are used where heat resistance is important.

Example: Thermosetting plastics are used in items like kettles, plugs, and laptop chargers. Examples include melamine, bakelite, and polyurethanes.

The page then provides detailed information on the properties and uses of common thermosoftening plastics:

  1. Polypropylene:

    • Properties: Light, hard but scratches easily, tough, good chemical resistance, resists work fatigue.
    • Uses: Medical equipment, laboratory equipment, containers with built-in hinges, plastic seats, string, rope, kitchen equipment.
  2. Polystyrene:

    • Properties: Light, hard, stiff, transparent, brittle, good water resistance.
    • Uses: Toys (especially model kits), packaging, plastic boxes and containers.
  3. Low Density Polyethene (LDPE):

    • Properties: Tough, good chemical resistance, flexible, fairly soft, good electrical insulator.
    • Uses: Packaging, especially bottles, toys, packaging film and bags.
  4. High Density Polyethene (HDPE):

    • Properties: Hard, stiff, able to be sterilized.
    • Uses: Plastic bottles, tubing, household items.

Highlight: The properties of each plastic are closely linked to its uses, demonstrating how materials are chosen for specific applications based on their characteristics.

This information is particularly useful for understanding the practical applications of chemistry in everyday life, a key aspect of GCSE Chemistry summary notes.

Chemistry
1) Describe
what happens.
the production of polythene.
It is
they
which
Addition
3) Name
from ethene!
4) Give
Plastic
carbon
doubl

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Page 5: Plastic Properties and Applications

This final section categorizes plastics and details their specific properties and applications in various industries.

Definition: Thermosoftening plastics can be reshaped when heated, while thermosetting plastics maintain their shape.

Example: Polypropylene is used in medical equipment and laboratory containers due to its chemical resistance.

Highlight: Different types of polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE) serve distinct purposes based on their properties.

Chemistry
1) Describe
what happens.
the production of polythene.
It is
they
which
Addition
3) Name
from ethene!
4) Give
Plastic
carbon
doubl

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Addition Polymerisation and Alkene Reactions

This page introduces the concept of addition polymerisation and the reactions of alkenes. It covers key processes in GCSE Chemistry and is essential for understanding polymer formation.

Addition polymerisation is the process of creating long-chain molecules (polymers) from small reactive molecules (monomers). This process is crucial in the production of many common plastics.

Definition: Addition polymerisation is a process where monomers with carbon-carbon double bonds link together to form a polymer.

The page also discusses the reactions of alkenes, focusing on addition reactions. Two important reactions are highlighted:

  1. Reaction with Hydrogen (Hydrogenation): This reaction converts unsaturated alkenes into saturated alkanes.

  2. Reaction with Bromine Water: This reaction serves as a test for the presence of alkenes.

Example: When bromine water is added to an alkene, the brown color of the bromine water turns colorless, indicating the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond.

The formation of polythene from ethene is presented as an example of addition polymerisation. This process involves breaking the double bond in ethene molecules, allowing them to join together and form long chains of carbon atoms.

Highlight: The resulting polymer, polythene, is a saturated hydrocarbon with all single bonds between carbon atoms.

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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

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iOS user