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faiaz
13/12/2025
Chemistry
Electrons and Bonding
126
•
13 Dec 2025
•
Understanding Electrons and Chemical Bonding
faiaz
@1kfaiaz
Electrons & Atomic Structure
Think of electrons as tenants in a multi-storey building - they fill up rooms (orbitals) according to strict rules. Orbitals can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, but only if they have opposite spins - like roommates who sleep on opposite schedules to avoid conflict.
The building has different floors called energy levels or shells. The ground floor can hold just 2 electrons, whilst the first floor accommodates 8, and the second floor fits 18. Each floor is divided into different types of rooms called subshells: s-rooms are spherical and hold 2 electrons max, p-rooms are dumbbell-shaped and hold 6, d-rooms hold 10, and f-rooms can pack in 14.
Here's the clever bit: electrons don't just fill any old room. They follow a specific order (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p), and they're antisocial - they prefer to occupy empty orbitals alone before doubling up. This prevents them from repelling each other until absolutely necessary.
Quick Tip: The electron configuration notation like 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ is just chemistry's way of showing which rooms are occupied and by how many electrons!
Chemical Bonding - How Atoms Connect
Atoms are basically matchmakers - they want to achieve stability, and they'll bond with other atoms to get it. There are two main ways they do this, and understanding them explains most of chemistry.
Ionic bonding happens when one atom completely steals electrons from another, creating charged particles called ions. These oppositely charged ions then attract each other like magnets, forming giant 3D structures called ionic lattices. This is why salt has such a high melting point - you need loads of energy to break apart this massive network of attractions.
Covalent bonding is more like a partnership - atoms share electrons rather than stealing them. The shared pair of electrons creates a strong attraction between both atomic nuclei. Sometimes one atom is more generous and provides both electrons for sharing - this special case is called a dative bond or coordinate bond.
Remember: Ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved (ions can move freely), but covalent compounds generally don't - their electrons are locked in place between atoms.
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THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
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This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Understanding Electrons and Chemical Bonding
faiaz
@1kfaiaz
Ever wondered how atoms stick together to form everything around you? Understanding electrons and bonding is your key to mastering chemistry - it explains why water is wet, why salt dissolves, and how your phone's battery works.
Electrons & Atomic Structure
Think of electrons as tenants in a multi-storey building - they fill up rooms (orbitals) according to strict rules. Orbitals can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, but only if they have opposite spins - like roommates who sleep on opposite schedules to avoid conflict.
The building has different floors called energy levels or shells. The ground floor can hold just 2 electrons, whilst the first floor accommodates 8, and the second floor fits 18. Each floor is divided into different types of rooms called subshells: s-rooms are spherical and hold 2 electrons max, p-rooms are dumbbell-shaped and hold 6, d-rooms hold 10, and f-rooms can pack in 14.
Here's the clever bit: electrons don't just fill any old room. They follow a specific order (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p), and they're antisocial - they prefer to occupy empty orbitals alone before doubling up. This prevents them from repelling each other until absolutely necessary.
Quick Tip: The electron configuration notation like 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ is just chemistry's way of showing which rooms are occupied and by how many electrons!
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Chemical Bonding - How Atoms Connect
Atoms are basically matchmakers - they want to achieve stability, and they'll bond with other atoms to get it. There are two main ways they do this, and understanding them explains most of chemistry.
Ionic bonding happens when one atom completely steals electrons from another, creating charged particles called ions. These oppositely charged ions then attract each other like magnets, forming giant 3D structures called ionic lattices. This is why salt has such a high melting point - you need loads of energy to break apart this massive network of attractions.
Covalent bonding is more like a partnership - atoms share electrons rather than stealing them. The shared pair of electrons creates a strong attraction between both atomic nuclei. Sometimes one atom is more generous and provides both electrons for sharing - this special case is called a dative bond or coordinate bond.
Remember: Ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved (ions can move freely), but covalent compounds generally don't - their electrons are locked in place between atoms.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user