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Cracking - breaking down hydrocarbons
09/10/2022
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C20F Cracking Breaking Down Hydrocarbons - Percentage J 45 40 fuel oil and bitumen D The percentage of each fraction in a typical crude oil, and the demand for each fraction 10- 5- 0- H H Eg. decane Cio H22 supply from fractional distillation of crude oil (%) demand (%) There's a difference between supply and demand. are •In cracking, Long- chain hydrocarbons. heated and broken up into smaller, more useful molecules to meet demand for the fractions. • Ethere is always formed & a smaller alk ane. gases I-O-I Ethene petrol Long Hydrocarbon H H HHHH | | | T T II H-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-H H H kerosene heat I I Η Η H H HHH octane + ethene Св Нів + C₂ H₂ diesel нн H-C-C- | | нн H H H Alkane H C-C-H ". The alkenes are a family of hydrocarbons similar to alk anes, but they have a double bond. E. g. propene: H •Octane is an alkane. The carbon atoms have Single bonds. They are said to be saturated. •Ethene is an alkene. There is a double bond They are said to be unsaturated. paraffin and mineral wool H² preffim HEAT C = C н C Cracking liquid paraffin in the laboratory H ethene porous pot Strong heat + H C=C-Ć - H Br-Br causes double bond to break Br delivery. tube brown /orange I-0-9 → H - C - =-y-b C-H Colourless
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