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Cracking Hydrocarbons: Fun Chemistry Facts and Experiments for Kids

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Alice Crosby

09/10/2022

Chemistry

Cracking - breaking down hydrocarbons

Cracking Hydrocarbons: Fun Chemistry Facts and Experiments for Kids

Cracking hydrocarbons is a crucial process in the petroleum industry to meet the supply and demand of various fuel fractions. This process involves breaking down long-chain hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful molecules. The document explains the concept of cracking, its importance in balancing supply and demand, and the differences between alkanes and alkenes.

Key points:

  • Cracking helps meet the demand for different fuel fractions
  • Long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller molecules
  • Alkenes are formed during the cracking process
  • The laboratory method for cracking liquid paraffin is described
  • Differences between alkanes and alkenes in chemistry are highlighted
...

09/10/2022

72

C20F Cracking Breaking Down Hydrocarbons
-
Percentage
J
45
40
fuel oil and
bitumen
D The percentage of each fraction in a typical crude oil,

View

Types of Hydrocarbons and Laboratory Cracking

This page delves deeper into the different types of hydrocarbons and provides a practical example of cracking in a laboratory setting.

Alkenes, such as propene, are a family of hydrocarbons similar to alkanes but with a distinctive double bond. The structural formula of propene is presented, highlighting its unsaturated nature.

Example: Propene C3H6C₃H₆ structural formula: H₂C=CH-CH₃

In contrast, alkanes like octane have only single bonds between carbon atoms and are considered saturated hydrocarbons.

Highlight: The presence of a double bond in alkenes makes them unsaturated, while alkanes with only single bonds are saturated.

The page then describes a laboratory setup for cracking liquid paraffin, a practical demonstration of the cracking process:

  1. Liquid paraffin is heated strongly in a porous pot.
  2. The resulting gases are passed through a delivery tube.
  3. One of the products, ethene, is collected and tested.

Vocabulary: Catalytic cracking involves the use of a catalyst to facilitate the breaking down of hydrocarbons, while thermal cracking relies solely on high temperatures.

The test for ethene involves its reaction with bromine water. When ethene is bubbled through bromine water, it causes the brown/orange color to become colorless. This reaction occurs because the double bond in ethene breaks and bonds with the bromine atoms.

Definition: The decolorization of bromine water by ethene is a characteristic test for unsaturated hydrocarbons, demonstrating the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond.

This practical experiment illustrates the conditions needed for cracking and provides a tangible example of how larger hydrocarbons can be broken down into smaller, more reactive molecules through the application of heat.

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Chemistry

72

9 Oct 2022

2 pages

Cracking Hydrocarbons: Fun Chemistry Facts and Experiments for Kids

Cracking hydrocarbons is a crucial process in the petroleum industry to meet the supply and demandof various fuel fractions. This process involves breaking down long-chain hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful molecules. The document explains the concept of cracking, its... Show more

C20F Cracking Breaking Down Hydrocarbons
-
Percentage
J
45
40
fuel oil and
bitumen
D The percentage of each fraction in a typical crude oil,

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Join milions of students

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Types of Hydrocarbons and Laboratory Cracking

This page delves deeper into the different types of hydrocarbons and provides a practical example of cracking in a laboratory setting.

Alkenes, such as propene, are a family of hydrocarbons similar to alkanes but with a distinctive double bond. The structural formula of propene is presented, highlighting its unsaturated nature.

Example: Propene C3H6C₃H₆ structural formula: H₂C=CH-CH₃

In contrast, alkanes like octane have only single bonds between carbon atoms and are considered saturated hydrocarbons.

Highlight: The presence of a double bond in alkenes makes them unsaturated, while alkanes with only single bonds are saturated.

The page then describes a laboratory setup for cracking liquid paraffin, a practical demonstration of the cracking process:

  1. Liquid paraffin is heated strongly in a porous pot.
  2. The resulting gases are passed through a delivery tube.
  3. One of the products, ethene, is collected and tested.

Vocabulary: Catalytic cracking involves the use of a catalyst to facilitate the breaking down of hydrocarbons, while thermal cracking relies solely on high temperatures.

The test for ethene involves its reaction with bromine water. When ethene is bubbled through bromine water, it causes the brown/orange color to become colorless. This reaction occurs because the double bond in ethene breaks and bonds with the bromine atoms.

Definition: The decolorization of bromine water by ethene is a characteristic test for unsaturated hydrocarbons, demonstrating the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond.

This practical experiment illustrates the conditions needed for cracking and provides a tangible example of how larger hydrocarbons can be broken down into smaller, more reactive molecules through the application of heat.

C20F Cracking Breaking Down Hydrocarbons
-
Percentage
J
45
40
fuel oil and
bitumen
D The percentage of each fraction in a typical crude oil,

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Cracking: Breaking Down Hydrocarbons

The petroleum industry faces a challenge in meeting the demand for various fuel fractions. This page illustrates the discrepancy between the supply from fractional distillation of crude oil and the market demand for different fractions.

Highlight: There's a significant difference between supply and demand for various petroleum fractions.

To address this imbalance, the industry employs a process called cracking. In this process, long-chain hydrocarbons are heated and broken down into smaller, more useful molecules to meet the demand for specific fractions.

Definition: Cracking is the process of breaking down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful ones through the application of heat or catalysts.

The cracking process always results in the formation of an alkene suchasethenesuch as ethene and a smaller alkane. This is demonstrated through a chemical equation:

Example: Long Hydrocarbon → Octane + Ethene C₁₀H₂₂ → C₈H₁₈ + C₂H₄

Vocabulary: Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, while alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds between carbon atoms.

The page also provides a visual representation of a typical hydrocarbon molecule and its breakdown during the cracking process, illustrating the formation of smaller, more useful molecules.

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