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AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 6: Rates of Reaction and Equilibrium PDF

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Bella

@bella_2007

The rate of reaction in chemistry is a fundamental concept... Show more

rate of reaction amount of reactant used or product formed!
time
L₂₁
to find the rate of reaction
Calculate the gradient of a
tangent at a s

Rate of Reaction and Chemical Equilibrium

This page covers essential concepts in chemical kinetics and equilibrium, focusing on the rate of reaction, factors affecting it, and the principles of reversible reactions and equilibrium.

Rate of Reaction

The rate of reaction is defined as the amount of reactant used or product formed over time. It can be calculated by finding the gradient of a tangent at a specific time on a concentration-time graph.

Definition: Rate of reaction = Amount of reactant used or product formed / Time

Highlight: To find the rate of reaction at a specific point, draw a tangent to the curve and calculate its gradient.

Collision Theory and Activation Energy

Chemical reactions occur when reacting particles collide with sufficient energy. This concept is known as collision theory.

Definition: Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that particles need to react.

Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction

Several factors can influence the rate of a chemical reaction:

  1. Concentration
  2. Temperature
  3. Pressure
  4. Surface area
  5. Catalysts

Highlight: Increasing concentration, temperature, pressure, and surface area generally increases the rate of reaction.

Catalysts

Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Example: Enzymes act as catalysts in biological systems.

Highlight: Catalysts decrease the activation energy by providing an alternative reaction pathway.

Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium

Reversible reactions are those where the products can react to produce the original reactants. In a closed system, these reactions can reach equilibrium.

Definition: Chemical equilibrium occurs when the forward and reverse reactions proceed at the same rate.

Le Chatelier's Principle

Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a system at equilibrium experiences a change in conditions, the system will respond to counteract that change.

Quote: "If a system is at equilibrium and a change occurs in any of the conditions, the system responds to counteract the change."

Effect of Pressure Changes

  • Pressure decrease: Equilibrium shifts to the side with more moles of gas.
  • Pressure increase: Equilibrium shifts to the side with fewer moles of gas.

Effect of Concentration Changes

  • Increase in reactant concentration: Equilibrium shifts towards products.
  • Increase in product concentration: Equilibrium shifts towards reactants.

Effect of Temperature Changes

  • Temperature increase: Shifts towards the endothermic direction.
  • Temperature decrease: Shifts towards the exothermic direction.

Example: In the reaction N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃, increasing pressure would shift the equilibrium towards the product side fewermolesofgasfewer moles of gas.

This comprehensive overview covers key aspects of rate of reaction gcse Combined Science and reversible reactions and equilibrium in gcse chemistry, providing a solid foundation for understanding chemical kinetics and equilibrium principles.



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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

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iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

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Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

 

Chemistry

962

27 Mar 2023

1 page

AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 6: Rates of Reaction and Equilibrium PDF

user profile picture

Bella

@bella_2007

The rate of reaction in chemistry is a fundamental concept that describes how quickly reactants are consumed or products are formed during a chemical process. This summary explores key aspects of reaction rates, factors influencing them, and the principles of... Show more

rate of reaction amount of reactant used or product formed!
time
L₂₁
to find the rate of reaction
Calculate the gradient of a
tangent at a s

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Rate of Reaction and Chemical Equilibrium

This page covers essential concepts in chemical kinetics and equilibrium, focusing on the rate of reaction, factors affecting it, and the principles of reversible reactions and equilibrium.

Rate of Reaction

The rate of reaction is defined as the amount of reactant used or product formed over time. It can be calculated by finding the gradient of a tangent at a specific time on a concentration-time graph.

Definition: Rate of reaction = Amount of reactant used or product formed / Time

Highlight: To find the rate of reaction at a specific point, draw a tangent to the curve and calculate its gradient.

Collision Theory and Activation Energy

Chemical reactions occur when reacting particles collide with sufficient energy. This concept is known as collision theory.

Definition: Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that particles need to react.

Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction

Several factors can influence the rate of a chemical reaction:

  1. Concentration
  2. Temperature
  3. Pressure
  4. Surface area
  5. Catalysts

Highlight: Increasing concentration, temperature, pressure, and surface area generally increases the rate of reaction.

Catalysts

Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Example: Enzymes act as catalysts in biological systems.

Highlight: Catalysts decrease the activation energy by providing an alternative reaction pathway.

Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium

Reversible reactions are those where the products can react to produce the original reactants. In a closed system, these reactions can reach equilibrium.

Definition: Chemical equilibrium occurs when the forward and reverse reactions proceed at the same rate.

Le Chatelier's Principle

Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a system at equilibrium experiences a change in conditions, the system will respond to counteract that change.

Quote: "If a system is at equilibrium and a change occurs in any of the conditions, the system responds to counteract the change."

Effect of Pressure Changes

  • Pressure decrease: Equilibrium shifts to the side with more moles of gas.
  • Pressure increase: Equilibrium shifts to the side with fewer moles of gas.

Effect of Concentration Changes

  • Increase in reactant concentration: Equilibrium shifts towards products.
  • Increase in product concentration: Equilibrium shifts towards reactants.

Effect of Temperature Changes

  • Temperature increase: Shifts towards the endothermic direction.
  • Temperature decrease: Shifts towards the exothermic direction.

Example: In the reaction N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃, increasing pressure would shift the equilibrium towards the product side fewermolesofgasfewer moles of gas.

This comprehensive overview covers key aspects of rate of reaction gcse Combined Science and reversible reactions and equilibrium in gcse chemistry, providing a solid foundation for understanding chemical kinetics and equilibrium principles.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user