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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
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Chemistry
3 Dec 2025
84
2 pages
saanvi @saanvixxx3
The periodic tableis chemistry's ultimate cheat sheet - it organises all the elements in a way that... Show more
Back in the 1860s, scientists like John Newlands and Dmitri Mendeleev cracked the code of organising elements. Mendeleev was clever enough to leave gaps for elements that hadn't been discovered yet - and he was spot on!
Metals are the show-offs of the periodic table. They're shiny, conduct electricity and heat brilliantly, and you can bend them (malleable) or stretch them (ductile) without breaking. Most are solid at room temperature with high melting points.
Non-metals are completely different beasts. They're dull, brittle (they snap rather than bend), and terrible at conducting heat or electricity. They can be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature.
Quick Test Tip Remember SHED for metals - Shiny, Hard, Electrical conductors, Ductile!
The noble gases (Group 0) are chemistry's introverts - they're completely unreactive because they have full outer electron shells. They're colourless, low-density gases that exist as single atoms.
Alkali metals (Group 1) are the daredevils of the periodic table. They're soft, have low density, and react explosively with water to produce an alkaline solution and hydrogen gas. The further down the group, the more reactive they get.
Halogens (Group 7) always travel in pairs as diatomic molecules (like Cl₂). They have 7 electrons in their outer shell and desperately want one more. Going down the group, they get less reactive but their melting and boiling points increase.
Transition metals sit in the middle of the periodic table and are the workhorses of chemistry. They have high density and melting points, form coloured compounds, and many act as catalysts to speed up reactions.
Pattern Spotter Elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the same number of outer shell electrons!
Displacement reactions happen when a more reactive element kicks out a less reactive one - it's like chemical bullying! This is how we can work out which elements are more reactive than others.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key differences between metals and non-metals in this GCSE Chemistry summary. Understand properties such as conductivity, malleability, and reactivity, along with the behavior of metal and non-metal atoms in terms of electron transfer and ion formation. Ideal for exam preparation and quick revision.
ChemistryExplore the key concepts of the Periodic Table, including the properties of metals and non-metals, reactivity trends in alkali metals and halogens, and the significance of atomic structure. This summary is tailored for Year 10 Chemistry students, providing a clear understanding of periodic trends and electronic configurations.
ChemistryExplore the fundamentals of chemical bonding with this concise overview. Key topics include Ionic, Metallic, and Covalent bonding, along with their properties such as melting and boiling points, malleability, solubility, and conductivity. Ideal for GCSE students seeking to understand the core concepts of bonding and structure in chemistry.
ChemistryExplore the structure and organization of the Periodic Table, including the classification of elements into metals and non-metals, their electronic structures, and the significance of atomic number and atomic weight. This summary is essential for GCSE Chemistry students seeking to grasp the foundational concepts of chemical elements and their properties.
ChemistryExplore the key characteristics of metallic bonding, including high melting points, electrical conductivity, malleability, and ductility. This summary covers the structure of metals, the role of delocalized electrons, and how these properties arise from the lattice arrangement of metal atoms. Ideal for GCSE Chemistry students seeking to understand the fundamentals of metallic solids.
ChemistryExplore the key concepts of the Periodic Table, including metals, non-metals, alkali and alkaline earth metals, and periodic trends. This summary provides a clear overview for GCSE chemistry students, highlighting atomic structure, reactivity, and the properties of elements across different groups.
ChemistryApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
saanvi
@saanvixxx3
The periodic table is chemistry's ultimate cheat sheet - it organises all the elements in a way that reveals patterns and helps predict how they'll behave. Understanding these groups and their properties is absolutely crucial for GCSE chemistry success.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Back in the 1860s, scientists like John Newlands and Dmitri Mendeleev cracked the code of organising elements. Mendeleev was clever enough to leave gaps for elements that hadn't been discovered yet - and he was spot on!
Metals are the show-offs of the periodic table. They're shiny, conduct electricity and heat brilliantly, and you can bend them (malleable) or stretch them (ductile) without breaking. Most are solid at room temperature with high melting points.
Non-metals are completely different beasts. They're dull, brittle (they snap rather than bend), and terrible at conducting heat or electricity. They can be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature.
Quick Test Tip: Remember SHED for metals - Shiny, Hard, Electrical conductors, Ductile!
The noble gases (Group 0) are chemistry's introverts - they're completely unreactive because they have full outer electron shells. They're colourless, low-density gases that exist as single atoms.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Alkali metals (Group 1) are the daredevils of the periodic table. They're soft, have low density, and react explosively with water to produce an alkaline solution and hydrogen gas. The further down the group, the more reactive they get.
Halogens (Group 7) always travel in pairs as diatomic molecules (like Cl₂). They have 7 electrons in their outer shell and desperately want one more. Going down the group, they get less reactive but their melting and boiling points increase.
Transition metals sit in the middle of the periodic table and are the workhorses of chemistry. They have high density and melting points, form coloured compounds, and many act as catalysts to speed up reactions.
Pattern Spotter: Elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the same number of outer shell electrons!
Displacement reactions happen when a more reactive element kicks out a less reactive one - it's like chemical bullying! This is how we can work out which elements are more reactive than others.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
0
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key differences between metals and non-metals in this GCSE Chemistry summary. Understand properties such as conductivity, malleability, and reactivity, along with the behavior of metal and non-metal atoms in terms of electron transfer and ion formation. Ideal for exam preparation and quick revision.
ChemistryExplore the key concepts of the Periodic Table, including the properties of metals and non-metals, reactivity trends in alkali metals and halogens, and the significance of atomic structure. This summary is tailored for Year 10 Chemistry students, providing a clear understanding of periodic trends and electronic configurations.
ChemistryExplore the fundamentals of chemical bonding with this concise overview. Key topics include Ionic, Metallic, and Covalent bonding, along with their properties such as melting and boiling points, malleability, solubility, and conductivity. Ideal for GCSE students seeking to understand the core concepts of bonding and structure in chemistry.
ChemistryExplore the structure and organization of the Periodic Table, including the classification of elements into metals and non-metals, their electronic structures, and the significance of atomic number and atomic weight. This summary is essential for GCSE Chemistry students seeking to grasp the foundational concepts of chemical elements and their properties.
ChemistryExplore the key characteristics of metallic bonding, including high melting points, electrical conductivity, malleability, and ductility. This summary covers the structure of metals, the role of delocalized electrons, and how these properties arise from the lattice arrangement of metal atoms. Ideal for GCSE Chemistry students seeking to understand the fundamentals of metallic solids.
ChemistryExplore the key concepts of the Periodic Table, including metals, non-metals, alkali and alkaline earth metals, and periodic trends. This summary provides a clear overview for GCSE chemistry students, highlighting atomic structure, reactivity, and the properties of elements across different groups.
ChemistryApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology