States of Matter and Particle Theory
This section covers the three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) and explains transitions between them using particle theory.
Vocabulary:
- Melting: Transition from solid to liquid
- Condensing: Transition from gas to liquid
- Evaporating: Transition from liquid to gas
Particle theory explains these transitions:
- As particles gain kinetic energy, their bonds break, allowing them to move more freely.
- The strength of forces of attraction affects a substance's melting and boiling points.
Highlight: Stronger forces of attraction between particles result in higher melting and boiling points.
Limitations of particle theory include:
- Atoms are not solid spheres as often depicted
- It doesn't consider intermolecular forces between different particles in different substances
Example: In chemical equations, (s), (l), (g), and (aq) represent solid, liquid, gas, and aqueous states, respectively.
