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1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
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1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
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2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
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893
•
3 Apr 2023
•
Rida -__-
@ridahussain_egik
Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonding: Properties and Structures
This guide... Show more
This page discusses how the type of bonding and crystal structure affects the physical properties of substances, including boiling/melting points, solubility, and conductivity.
Ionic Crystal Structure:
Vocabulary: Lattice - a regular repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystal.
Metallic Structure:
Highlight: Most metals are solid at room temperature, with mercury being a notable exception.
Simple Molecular Structure:
Example: Water has a higher boiling point compared to other simple molecular substances due to the presence of hydrogen bonds.
This page focuses on macromolecular structures, which are covalently bonded into giant lattice structures.
Characteristics of Macromolecular Structures:
Example: Diamond is an example of a macromolecular structure, made up of carbon atoms each bonded to 4 other carbon atoms, making it very hard.
Graphite:
Highlight: The difference in bonding structure between diamond and graphite results in vastly different properties despite both being made of carbon.
Vocabulary: Graphene - a single layer of graphite, with unique properties due to its two-dimensional structure.
The page includes diagrams illustrating the structures of diamond, graphite, and graphene, highlighting the differences in their atomic arrangements.
This page introduces the three main types of chemical bonding: ionic, covalent, and dative bonding. It also touches on metallic bonding.
Ionic Bonding occurs between metals and non-metals. Electrons are transferred to achieve full outer shells, creating charged particles called ions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other through electrostatic forces, forming a giant ionic lattice.
Definition: Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer between metals and non-metals.
Covalent Bonding takes place between two non-metals. Electrons are shared between the outer shells of atoms to achieve a full outer shell. Multiple electron pairs can be shared, resulting in multiple covalent bonds.
Dative Bonding, also known as coordinate bonding, forms when both electrons in the shared pair come from a single atom. This is indicated by an arrow from the lone pair.
Highlight: Once a dative bond has formed, it behaves like a standard covalent bond in reactions.
Metallic Bonding consists of a lattice of positively charged ions surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons. This creates a strong electrostatic force of attraction between the oppositely charged particles.
Example: The greater the positive ion charge in metallic bonding, the stronger the attractive force due to more electrons being released into the electron sea.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Rida -__-
@ridahussain_egik
Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonding: Properties and Structures
This guide explores the fundamental types of chemical bonding and their impact on material properties. It covers ionic bonding, covalent and dative bonding, and metallic bonding, explaining their formation and characteristics.... Show more
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Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page discusses how the type of bonding and crystal structure affects the physical properties of substances, including boiling/melting points, solubility, and conductivity.
Ionic Crystal Structure:
Vocabulary: Lattice - a regular repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystal.
Metallic Structure:
Highlight: Most metals are solid at room temperature, with mercury being a notable exception.
Simple Molecular Structure:
Example: Water has a higher boiling point compared to other simple molecular substances due to the presence of hydrogen bonds.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page focuses on macromolecular structures, which are covalently bonded into giant lattice structures.
Characteristics of Macromolecular Structures:
Example: Diamond is an example of a macromolecular structure, made up of carbon atoms each bonded to 4 other carbon atoms, making it very hard.
Graphite:
Highlight: The difference in bonding structure between diamond and graphite results in vastly different properties despite both being made of carbon.
Vocabulary: Graphene - a single layer of graphite, with unique properties due to its two-dimensional structure.
The page includes diagrams illustrating the structures of diamond, graphite, and graphene, highlighting the differences in their atomic arrangements.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page introduces the three main types of chemical bonding: ionic, covalent, and dative bonding. It also touches on metallic bonding.
Ionic Bonding occurs between metals and non-metals. Electrons are transferred to achieve full outer shells, creating charged particles called ions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other through electrostatic forces, forming a giant ionic lattice.
Definition: Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer between metals and non-metals.
Covalent Bonding takes place between two non-metals. Electrons are shared between the outer shells of atoms to achieve a full outer shell. Multiple electron pairs can be shared, resulting in multiple covalent bonds.
Dative Bonding, also known as coordinate bonding, forms when both electrons in the shared pair come from a single atom. This is indicated by an arrow from the lone pair.
Highlight: Once a dative bond has formed, it behaves like a standard covalent bond in reactions.
Metallic Bonding consists of a lattice of positively charged ions surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons. This creates a strong electrostatic force of attraction between the oppositely charged particles.
Example: The greater the positive ion charge in metallic bonding, the stronger the attractive force due to more electrons being released into the electron sea.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
