Chemical Groups and Their Properties
Group 1 metals get more reactive as you go down the periodic table because it becomes easier for larger atoms to lose their outer electron. These metals have lower melting and boiling points as their relative atomic mass (RAM) increases.
When Group 1 metals meet water, they create metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas. Heat them with chlorine gas, and you'll get metal chlorides instead.
Group 7 elements (halogens) work the opposite way - they become less reactive going down the group because larger atoms find it harder to gain electrons. Their melting and boiling points increase with RAM though.
Key Insight: Group 0 (noble gases) have higher boiling points as RAM increases due to stronger intermolecular forces from more electrons.
Bond breaking always requires energy (endothermic), while bond making always releases energy (exothermic). The limiting reactant determines how much product you can make - it's directly proportional to your final amount.
