Maths
Chemistry
Biology
English Language
History
Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
Show all topics
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
Show all topics
Business
6 Dec 2025
134
6 pages
Alice Doe @liceoe_v50v5w1tsp2bi
Ever wondered how businesses actually start and survive in today's world? This topic covers the essential building blocks... Show more
Starting a business isn't just about having a brilliant idea - it's about spotting opportunities in our constantly changing world. Technology evolves rapidly, consumer wants shift, and smart entrepreneurs know how to adapt their products and services to stay relevant rather than becoming obsolete.
Every business venture comes with risks and rewards. The risks include business failure, financial loss, and lack of job security. However, the potential rewards make it worthwhile business success, profit, independence, and the satisfaction of solving real problems.
Entrepreneurs play several key roles - they identify what customers actually need, organise resources effectively, take calculated risks, and make important business decisions. They add value through convenience, quality design, unique selling points (USP), and strong branding.
Remember The most successful entrepreneurs don't just chase trends - they anticipate what customers will need next.
You can't build a successful business without knowing your customers inside and out. Market research helps identify gaps in the market, reduces business risks, and informs smarter decisions about everything from pricing to product development.
Primary research involves collecting fresh data through questionnaires , focus groups, and observation. It's specific and up-to-date but can be time-consuming and expensive. Secondary research uses existing data from internet sources, market reports, and government publications - it's quicker and cheaper but might not be perfectly relevant.
Market segmentation targets specific consumer groups based on demographics, location, lifestyle, income, and age. Understanding your competition means analysing their price, quality, location, product range, and customer service to identify your competitive advantages.
Top Tip Small sample sizes in research can lead to bias, so always aim for reliability and accuracy in your data collection.
Money management can make or break your business, literally. Business aims fall into two categories financial (survival, profit, sales targets, market share) and non-financial (social impact, personal challenge, independence, control).
Break-even analysis shows exactly when your business stops losing money. The break-even point occurs when total costs equal total revenue. Your margin of safety represents the difference between actual sales and break-even sales - the bigger this gap, the more secure your business.
Understanding costs is crucial fixed costs (rent, salaries, insurance) don't change with output, while variable costs change depending on how much you produce. Revenue simply equals price multiplied by quantity sold.
Key Formula Break-even point = Fixed costs ÷
Cash flow isn't the same as profit - you need actual money available to pay suppliers, cover overheads, and pay employees. Poor cash flow causes business failure even when companies are technically profitable.
Short-term finance options include overdrafts and trade credit, while long-term sources involve personal savings, venture capital, share capital, retained profits, and crowdfunding. Each option has different costs and requirements.
Cash flow involves inflows (money coming in) and outflows (money going out). Your closing balance equals opening balance plus net cash flow, and each period's closing balance becomes the next period's opening balance.
Cash Flow Reality Many profitable businesses fail simply because they run out of cash to pay immediate expenses.
Location decisions depend on proximity to markets, labour, materials, and competitors, plus the nature of your business activity. E-commerce has revolutionised this, allowing businesses to reach global markets without expensive high-street premises.
Business ownership types carry different levels of risk. Sole traders have unlimited liability (personal assets at risk), partnerships share this risk among partners, while private limited companies offer limited liability protection to shareholders.
Franchising offers an interesting middle ground - franchisees get proven business models, training, and support, but pay ongoing royalties and have limited control over major decisions.
Location Tip E-commerce might seem cheaper, but factor in website maintenance, distribution costs, and increased online competition.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
2
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Quotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Alice Doe
@liceoe_v50v5w1tsp2bi
Ever wondered how businesses actually start and survive in today's world? This topic covers the essential building blocks of entrepreneurship - from spotting opportunities and understanding customers to managing money and making crucial decisions about location and business structure.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Starting a business isn't just about having a brilliant idea - it's about spotting opportunities in our constantly changing world. Technology evolves rapidly, consumer wants shift, and smart entrepreneurs know how to adapt their products and services to stay relevant rather than becoming obsolete.
Every business venture comes with risks and rewards. The risks include business failure, financial loss, and lack of job security. However, the potential rewards make it worthwhile: business success, profit, independence, and the satisfaction of solving real problems.
Entrepreneurs play several key roles - they identify what customers actually need, organise resources effectively, take calculated risks, and make important business decisions. They add value through convenience, quality design, unique selling points (USP), and strong branding.
Remember: The most successful entrepreneurs don't just chase trends - they anticipate what customers will need next.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
You can't build a successful business without knowing your customers inside and out. Market research helps identify gaps in the market, reduces business risks, and informs smarter decisions about everything from pricing to product development.
Primary research involves collecting fresh data through questionnaires , focus groups, and observation. It's specific and up-to-date but can be time-consuming and expensive. Secondary research uses existing data from internet sources, market reports, and government publications - it's quicker and cheaper but might not be perfectly relevant.
Market segmentation targets specific consumer groups based on demographics, location, lifestyle, income, and age. Understanding your competition means analysing their price, quality, location, product range, and customer service to identify your competitive advantages.
Top Tip: Small sample sizes in research can lead to bias, so always aim for reliability and accuracy in your data collection.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Money management can make or break your business, literally. Business aims fall into two categories: financial (survival, profit, sales targets, market share) and non-financial (social impact, personal challenge, independence, control).
Break-even analysis shows exactly when your business stops losing money. The break-even point occurs when total costs equal total revenue. Your margin of safety represents the difference between actual sales and break-even sales - the bigger this gap, the more secure your business.
Understanding costs is crucial: fixed costs (rent, salaries, insurance) don't change with output, while variable costs change depending on how much you produce. Revenue simply equals price multiplied by quantity sold.
Key Formula: Break-even point = Fixed costs ÷
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Cash flow isn't the same as profit - you need actual money available to pay suppliers, cover overheads, and pay employees. Poor cash flow causes business failure even when companies are technically profitable.
Short-term finance options include overdrafts and trade credit, while long-term sources involve personal savings, venture capital, share capital, retained profits, and crowdfunding. Each option has different costs and requirements.
Cash flow involves inflows (money coming in) and outflows (money going out). Your closing balance equals opening balance plus net cash flow, and each period's closing balance becomes the next period's opening balance.
Cash Flow Reality: Many profitable businesses fail simply because they run out of cash to pay immediate expenses.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Location decisions depend on proximity to markets, labour, materials, and competitors, plus the nature of your business activity. E-commerce has revolutionised this, allowing businesses to reach global markets without expensive high-street premises.
Business ownership types carry different levels of risk. Sole traders have unlimited liability (personal assets at risk), partnerships share this risk among partners, while private limited companies offer limited liability protection to shareholders.
Franchising offers an interesting middle ground - franchisees get proven business models, training, and support, but pay ongoing royalties and have limited control over major decisions.
Location Tip: E-commerce might seem cheaper, but factor in website maintenance, distribution costs, and increased online competition.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
2
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Quotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology