Definition: Phospholipids are modified triglycerides where one fatty acid chain is replaced with a phosphate group.

Highlight: Phospholipids have both hydrophilic (water-loving) heads and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails, crucial for cell membrane formation.

Example: When mixed with water, phospholipids can form structures called micelles, with heads facing water and tails clustering together.

Definition: Denaturation is the process where a protein's structure changes when the bonds maintaining its shape are broken.

Example: Hair perming involves breaking disulfide bonds to reshape protein structure.

Highlight: Different factors can cause denaturation, including high temperatures, extreme pH, and reducing agents.

Definition: A polypeptide is a single chain of amino acids formed through condensation reactions, with one end containing a free amino group and the other a free carboxyl group.

Example: Glycine and alanine are examples of amino acids that can join to form dipeptides and eventually polypeptides.

Vocabulary: Condensation reaction - A chemical reaction where two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, releasing water as a byproduct.